December is unique among the calendar months in possessing not one, but four recognized birthstones: turquoise, blue zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz. All four gemstones are celebrated for their beautiful shades of blue, ranging from the earthy robin’s egg hues of turquoise to the vibrant violet-blue of tanzanite. These stones represent the chill beauty of the winter season and offer a diverse range of options for those born in December.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones spans millennia. Turquoise stands out as one of the oldest known gemstones, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt, Persia, and the Americas. It was highly valued in these cultures not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its perceived protective properties. Native American cultures, in particular, revered turquoise, incorporating it into jewelry, amulets, and ceremonial objects, believing it brought protection, good fortune, and peace of mind. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “stone of Turkey,” reflecting the historical trade routes through which the gem reached Europe from Turkish bazaars.
Zircon, while also possessing a long history of use in jewelry – over 2000 years – is often mistaken for diamond due to its brilliance. Topaz has an equally ancient lineage, with the word “topaz” believed to derive from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, historically associating the gem with strength and protection. Tanzanite is the newcomer to the December birthstone family, only discovered in the 1960s in northern Tanzania, and remains the only known deposit of this violet-blue gem.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation and sourcing of these gemstones vary considerably. Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper that seeps into bedrock. Over time, reactions with other minerals create an opaque stone displaying stunning shades of blue and green, often marked by dark lines and shapes from the surrounding rock, known as matrix. Significant turquoise deposits are found in the Southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada.
Blue topaz occurs in a variety of natural colors, but the blue shades commonly associated with December birthstones are typically achieved through heat treatment of colorless topaz. The origins of topaz are widespread, though specific locations for the blue variety are not detailed in the available sources.
Tanzanite is exclusively found in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, making it a geographically unique gemstone. Blue zircon’s origins are not specifically detailed in the provided sources, though it is noted as having been used in jewelry for over two millennia.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. While a comprehensive analysis requires data beyond the provided sources, some key characteristics can be outlined.
Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, meaning light cannot pass through it. Its color ranges from robin’s egg blue to greenish-blue, often featuring matrix patterns.
Blue topaz is known for its clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades. Naturally occurring blue topaz is rare, with most blue stones on the market being heat-treated from colorless topaz.
Tanzanite is characterized by its rare violet-blue hue.
Blue zircon is noted for its incredible sparkle and brilliance, often leading to confusion with diamonds.
The sources do not provide specific details regarding the chemical composition, hardness, or refractive index of these gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise is often associated with success, happiness, and prosperity. It is believed to dispel negative energy and provide protection against environmental pollutants. Some believe it enhances intuition and releases inhibitions.
Blue topaz symbolizes calmness, love, and clarity. Historically, topaz was linked to strength and protection, while in modern times, it represents love and fidelity.
Tanzanite, being a relatively recent discovery, has fewer established traditional meanings, but is often associated with transformation and spiritual growth.
Blue zircon, with its long history, has been linked to prosperity and wisdom.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer detailed guidance on the care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, given the varying hardness and composition of each stone, general recommendations can be made. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Topaz and zircon, being harder, are more durable but should still be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. Tanzanite, while beautiful, may be sensitive to heat and should be cleaned with care.
December and the Zodiac
The primary Zodiac birthstone for Sagittarius (November 23 – December 21) is topaz, with turquoise listed as a secondary stone. For Capricorn (December 22 – January 20), ruby is the primary birthstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – offer a captivating spectrum of color, history, and symbolism. From the ancient protective powers of turquoise to the modern allure of tanzanite, these gemstones embody the beauty and enchantment of the winter season. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these stones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December and the individuals born within it. The diversity of these birthstones allows for a personalized expression of December’s unique charm, reflecting the individual preferences and beliefs of the wearer.