For those born on September 7th, and indeed throughout the entire month, the birthstone is a gemstone steeped in history, symbolism, and enduring beauty: the sapphire. Celebrated for its captivating color, particularly its deep blue hues, sapphire holds a prominent place in the world of gemstones, cherished for both its aesthetic qualities and its perceived metaphysical properties. While blue sapphire is most commonly associated with September, this gem presents a fascinating array of colors and a complex history, with several other stones historically linked to the month. This article will delve into the origins, geological formation, gemological properties, historical significance, and symbolism of sapphire, alongside its alternatives, providing a comprehensive overview of September’s birthstones.
History and Lore
Sapphires boast a rich and ancient history, dating back millennia. In ancient Greece and Rome, these gemstones were highly prized, worn by priests and rulers who believed they offered protection from harm and ensured loyalty and honesty. The very name “sapphire” originates from the Greek word “sappheiros,” meaning blue, and was later adopted through Latin and Old French into Middle English. Throughout history, sapphire has been a symbol of royalty, nobility, and faith.
The association with heavenly virtue was strong in ancient cultures; some believed the Earth rested on a giant sapphire, which gave the sky its color. Sapphires were also thought to possess medicinal properties, acting as an antidote to poisons and even treating plagues. Evidence of sapphire’s historical importance is seen in the jewelry of past eras, including sapphire rings, earrings, and necklaces, adorning those of high status.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide crystal. It is the presence of trace elements – chromium, titanium, vanadium, iron, and/or magnesium – that gives sapphire its varied colors. While most readily recognized in its blue form, sapphires can occur in orange, purple, black, pink, yellow, and even colorless varieties. Red corundum, however, is classified as ruby, a distinct gemstone.
Information regarding specific mining locations is limited within the provided sources, though it is noted that sapphires are found in various locations globally. The sources mention Ceylon sapphires, referencing the 12-carat Ceylon sapphire featured in Princess Diana’s engagement ring, indicating Sri Lanka as a significant source.
Gemological Properties
Sapphire is renowned for its exceptional durability, registering a 9.0 on the Mohs hardness scale – second only to diamond. This makes it highly resistant to scratching and suitable for everyday wear. It is also resistant to heat, light, and chemical damage.
The color of sapphire significantly impacts its value, with velvety blue or violet shades commanding the highest prices per carat. However, the sources emphasize that sapphires are not exclusively blue, showcasing a spectrum of colors.
The composition of sapphire is aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The sources do not provide details on refractive index, specific gravity, or other detailed gemological data.
Alternative September Birthstones
While sapphire is the modern and widely recognized birthstone for September, several other gemstones have historically been associated with the month. These include:
- Lapis Lazuli: An alternative birthstone for September, particularly in Britain, lapis lazuli is known for its deep royal blue color.
- Peridot: A traditional September birthstone, peridot is a gem-quality crystal of olivine, ranging in color from green to yellow. It is believed to protect the wearer from negativity.
- Sardonyx: Historically used in Roman and Polish calendars, sardonyx is a variety of onyx with red bands of sard. It was believed to enhance courage and was worn by soldiers in Ancient Rome.
- Zircon: In the Hindu calendar, zircon is the September birthstone, often appearing in a blue variety. It is believed to bring peace of mind and prosperity.
- Moonstone: Historically used in India, moonstone is composed of layers of orthoclase and albite, giving it a glowing appearance. It is believed to relieve anxiety.
- Agate: In the Tibetan calendar, agate was the September birthstone, occurring in a wide range of banded colors. It is believed to enhance intelligence and eloquence.
The variety of September birthstones highlights the evolving nature of gemological traditions and the diverse cultural beliefs surrounding gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphire is rich in symbolism, representing truth, sincerity, constancy, and purity of the soul. It is associated with nobility, wisdom, and faithfulness. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, sapphire is believed to bring inner peace and stave off depression.
Different September birthstones carry their own unique symbolism. Lapis lazuli is associated with wisdom and truth, peridot with protection, sardonyx with courage, zircon with peace and prosperity, moonstone with emotional balance, and agate with prudence.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, sapphire is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. However, like all gemstones, it benefits from proper care. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions, but given its resistance to chemicals, it can likely be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, which could potentially damage the stone.
September Birthstone Color
The color most readily associated with September birthstones is blue, particularly a deep, rich blue. This is due to the prominence of sapphire and lapis lazuli as September birthstones. However, the range of colors associated with September expands when considering the historical and alternative birthstones, encompassing green (peridot), red (sardonyx), and various shades within agate, zircon, and moonstone.
Conclusion
Sapphire stands as a timeless and captivating birthstone for September, embodying a rich history, enduring beauty, and profound symbolism. From its ancient origins as a symbol of royalty and protection to its modern-day status as a cherished gemstone, sapphire continues to fascinate and inspire. While sapphire reigns as the primary September birthstone, the historical and cultural significance of alternative stones like lapis lazuli, peridot, sardonyx, zircon, moonstone, and agate adds depth and complexity to the month’s gemological heritage. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal, its perceived metaphysical properties, or its connection to a September birthday, sapphire remains a gemstone of enduring value and significance.