December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones, offering a diverse palette of blues and beyond. Among these captivating gems, Tanzanite stands out for its unique violet-blue hues and relatively recent discovery. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of Tanzanite, exploring its significance as a December birthstone and a gemstone of increasing popularity.
History and Lore
Tanzanite is a comparatively recent addition to the list of December birthstones, officially recognized by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002. Its story begins in 1967, in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. Local Maasai tribespeople had long known of the gem, believing it was formed when lightning struck the ground, turning the rocks a shimmering blue. The Maasai traditionally gifted Tanzanite upon the birth of a child, symbolizing health, well-being, and wealth.
Prior to its official recognition, and even for a period after its discovery, Tanzanite lacked widespread awareness. Its introduction to the market was largely driven by Tiffany & Co., who recognized its beauty and potential, naming it after Tanzania, the country of its origin. This strategic branding contributed significantly to its rise in prominence as a desirable gemstone.
Historically, Tanzanite has been associated with a range of positive attributes, including new beginnings, transformation, beauty, intuition, and psychic abilities. It is also believed to raise consciousness and dissolve old patterns or habits, promoting health, well-being, and prosperity. Traditional beliefs also suggest that Tanzanite could strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells, skin, and hair.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological formation is intrinsically linked to its limited geographical source. It is found in a highly localized area – the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania, a relatively small mining area near Mount Kilimanjaro. This singular origin contributes to its rarity and value. The gemstone forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure.
The unique geological conditions required for Tanzanite formation are not replicated anywhere else in the world, making Tanzania the sole commercial source of this captivating gem. This rarity is a key factor in its desirability and increasing market value.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a blue to violet variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. Its chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH). The color arises from trace amounts of vanadium within the crystal structure. Tanzanite is known for its trichroism, meaning it exhibits three different colors depending on the viewing angle – blue, violet, and burgundy. This optical phenomenon is a characteristic feature of the gem.
While a specific hardness wasn’t provided in the sources, it is generally understood to be between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable for jewelry use, but still susceptible to scratches and damage from harder materials.
Tanzanite is associated with the zodiac sign of Sagittarius. It is often used as the stone for the 8th and 24th wedding anniversaries.
A table summarizing key properties (based on general gemological knowledge, as the sources do not provide a comprehensive list):
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Zoisite (variety: Tanzanite) |
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) |
| Color | Blue, violet, burgundy (trichroic) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Origin | Tanzania (Merelani Hills) |
| Zodiac Sign | Sagittarius |
| Anniversary | 8th & 24th |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite carries a rich symbolism rooted in both ancient traditions and modern interpretations. The Maasai tradition of gifting it to newborns reflects beliefs in its protective and life-enhancing qualities. Its association with transformation and new beginnings makes it a meaningful stone for those embarking on significant life changes.
The gem’s violet-blue hues are often linked to intuition, spirituality, and higher consciousness. It is believed to enhance psychic abilities and facilitate a deeper connection to one’s inner self. The rarity of Tanzanite also contributes to its symbolic value, representing uniqueness and individuality.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness compared to harder gemstones, Tanzanite requires careful handling and maintenance. It is susceptible to damage from sudden or extreme temperature changes, and should not be exposed to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. Avoid steam cleaners and ultrasonic cleaners.
The recommended cleaning method involves using a soft brush and warm, soapy water. After cleaning, rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth to remove any excess water. Proper care will help preserve the brilliance and beauty of Tanzanite for years to come.
December’s Multifaceted Gemstones
December is unique in having multiple birthstones, including Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, Lapis Lazuli, and Turquoise, alongside Tanzanite. The availability of several options allows individuals born in December to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. While Turquoise and Zircon have historically been considered the main birthstones for December, representing the chill of winter with their blue tones, the inclusion of Tanzanite, Topaz, and Lapis Lazuli provides a broader spectrum of choices in terms of color, price, and personal meaning.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, with its captivating violet-blue hues and intriguing history, has firmly established itself as a significant December birthstone. Its unique geological origin, limited supply, and rich symbolism contribute to its desirability and value. From its Maasai origins and branding by Tiffany & Co. to its association with transformation and intuition, Tanzanite offers a compelling blend of beauty, rarity, and meaning. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal, metaphysical properties, or as a representation of a December birthday, Tanzanite remains a gemstone of distinction and enduring allure.