December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four official birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz. These gemstones, each displaying a distinct shade of blue, beautifully reflect the cool, crisp tones of the winter season. While Turquoise holds the distinction as the most traditional choice, admired for centuries, Tanzanite represents a more recent discovery, first unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. These stones carry powerful meanings, including wisdom, protection, and new beginnings, offering December-born individuals a meaningful range of options to express their identity. Additionally, Lapis Lazuli is recognized as a traditional December birthstone, valued for its historical and spiritual significance.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned have evolved over the centuries. Turquoise and Zircon have long been considered primary birthstones for December, their blue hues representing the chill of winter. These gems were often incorporated into jewelry and amulets, believed to offer protection and good fortune. The practice of wearing birthstones wasn’t a fleeting fashion trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval times.
Lapis Lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has been associated with wisdom and royalty since ancient civilizations. It was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Turquoise, revered for centuries across various cultures, has been seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling inner calm and fostering creativity.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent discovery means its historical lore is less extensive than that of Turquoise or Zircon, but its unique color and rarity have quickly established it as a highly prized gemstone. Blue Topaz, while not always listed among the traditional choices, is a beloved gem for its icy blue clarity and calming energy.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, has a long association with Turkey, though significant deposits are also found in the United States, particularly in the southwestern states. It forms in relatively shallow subsurface environments during the weathering of copper-rich rocks.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Blue Zircon derives its color from trace amounts of impurities.
Tanzanite is exceptionally unique in its origin, found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. It forms in metamorphic rocks created by intense heat and pressure.
Blue Topaz is found in various locations worldwide, including Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia. It typically forms in igneous rocks and is often associated with pegmatites.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties.
Turquoise: This opaque gemstone is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum. Its color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix (veins of other minerals) present.
Blue Zircon: Zircon is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4). While it occurs in many colors, the blue variety is popular as a December birthstone. It is known for its brilliant fire and dispersion, sometimes resembling a diamond.
Blue Topaz: Topaz is a fluorine aluminum silicate (Al2SiO4(OH,F)2). Blue Topaz is often created by irradiating colorless Topaz, enhancing its blue hue. It exhibits a vitreous luster and good clarity.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is a calcium aluminum silicate (Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)). Its pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – is a notable characteristic, often exhibiting blue, violet, and burgundy hues.
Here's a comparative table of hardness based on the Mohs scale:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Blue Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, believed to ward off negative energy and bring good fortune. It is also associated with friendship and loyalty.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliance and is believed to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Some sources suggest it can also enhance creativity and intuition.
Blue Topaz is associated with communication, loyalty, and clarity of thought. It is believed to promote a sense of calm and tranquility.
Tanzanite is thought to stimulate intuition and perception, facilitating spiritual awareness and transformation. Its unique color is often linked to royalty and nobility.
Lapis Lazuli, with its deep blue color, has been associated with wisdom, truth, and royalty for millennia. It was believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, requiring gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
Blue Zircon, with its good hardness, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, it can be brittle, so avoid sudden temperature changes.
Blue Topaz is durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for Blue Topaz.
Tanzanite is also relatively durable but can be sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes. Clean it with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners.
Lapis Lazuli should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding harsh chemicals that could damage its surface.
A Diverse Selection for Every Preference
December’s birthstones offer a diverse selection of colors, properties, and price points, catering to different tastes and histories. Whether one is drawn to the rich, deep tones of Tanzanite, the earthy charm of Turquoise, the brilliant fire of Zircon, or the calming clarity of Blue Topaz, there is a December birthstone to suit every personality and preference. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and connect them to a rich tapestry of historical and cultural narratives. Careful research and consultation with experts are recommended when purchasing these gemstones to ensure quality and authenticity.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.