December is unique among the calendar months in possessing not one, but a spectrum of birthstones. While blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite are frequently cited as modern choices, the traditional gems associated with this winter month include turquoise and lapis lazuli. This article will focus on turquoise, delving into its history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, cultural significance, and place as a December birthstone.
The allure of turquoise extends back millennia, with evidence of its use dating to ancient civilizations. As early as 3000 BC, Chinese artisans were carving this captivating gem, and the pharaohs of ancient Egypt adorned themselves with it, believing it possessed beneficial powers. This long-standing reverence speaks to the gem’s inherent beauty and the enduring human fascination with its unique color and properties. Throughout history, turquoise has been considered a stone of protection, good fortune, and health.
History and Lore
Turquoise’s history is deeply interwoven with human culture, particularly in the southwestern United States, where it holds a sacred place in the traditions of Native American tribes. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, turquoise was believed to possess potent spiritual qualities. For centuries, it served as a protective talisman, thought to safeguard wearers from harm, especially during travel, particularly on horseback. A prevalent belief held that the stone would break into pieces when disaster approached, acting as a warning to its owner.
In Hindu traditions, turquoise was associated with wealth and prosperity. Mystics believed that beholding the gem after viewing the new moon would ensure financial gain. These beliefs, spanning continents and cultures, demonstrate the widespread recognition of turquoise as a stone of positive energy and good luck. The gem’s association with royalty and spiritual enlightenment is also evident in ancient Egypt, where it was prized by pharaohs and incorporated into elaborate jewelry and funerary objects.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is not a crystalline gemstone in the traditional sense; rather, it is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum. It forms through a chemical reaction between copper-rich groundwater and aluminum-rich rock, typically in arid regions. The presence of iron can contribute to the gem’s color, resulting in shades ranging from blue to green. The characteristic “matrix” – the veining of the host rock that often remains within the turquoise – is a defining feature and adds to its unique character.
While turquoise is found in various locations worldwide, certain regions are particularly renowned for their high-quality stones. The sources mentioned in available materials do not specify particular mining locations beyond the general historical context. However, the gem’s strong association with the southwestern United States suggests significant deposits in that region.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, meaning light cannot pass through it completely. Its color ranges from intense blue to a greenish-blue, with variations influenced by the presence of iron and other trace elements. The gem’s hardness on the Mohs scale is relatively low, ranging from 5 to 6, making it susceptible to scratching and requiring careful handling.
The presence of matrix is a common characteristic of turquoise and is often considered desirable, adding to the stone’s unique appearance and authenticity. The quality of turquoise is assessed based on its color, clarity, and the amount of matrix present. A vibrant, uniform blue color with minimal matrix is generally considered the most valuable.
A table summarizing key gemological properties is not possible given the limited data in the provided sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, turquoise has been imbued with a wealth of symbolic meaning. It is often associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. The gem is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity, making it a favored stone for artists and those seeking emotional balance. Its vibrant blue-green hues are thought to evoke feelings of tranquility and connection to nature.
As a December birthstone, turquoise is said to resonate with those born in this month, offering a sense of serenity and optimism. It is believed to enhance communication skills and promote self-expression. The gem’s association with protection and good luck makes it a meaningful gift for loved ones born in December.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively low hardness, turquoise requires gentle care to maintain its beauty. It is susceptible to scratching from harder materials and can be damaged by harsh chemicals or prolonged exposure to sunlight. Cleaning turquoise jewelry should be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. It is also advisable to remove turquoise jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to chemicals. Storing turquoise pieces separately from harder gemstones will help prevent scratches.
Turquoise and the December Calendar
The provided sources indicate that December 6th, 10th, 15th, 18th, 22nd, 26th, and 30th all designate turquoise as the birthstone for that day. This highlights the consistent association of turquoise with the month of December, despite the presence of other birthstones. The sources also note that December has more than one birthstone to offer a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning.
Conclusion
Turquoise stands as a captivating and historically significant gem, deeply rooted in human culture and tradition. Its vibrant color, unique matrix patterns, and enduring symbolism have made it a cherished gemstone for millennia. As a traditional December birthstone, turquoise offers a connection to ancient wisdom, protection, and good fortune. Its relatively soft nature necessitates careful handling, but its beauty and symbolic value continue to resonate with gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. The gem’s enduring appeal ensures its place as a timeless treasure, representing the enchanting spirit of the December season.