March is marked by two distinct yet equally meaningful birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. While aquamarine captures the serene beauty of the ocean with its tranquil blue hues, bloodstone carries a deeper, more symbolic weight with its dark green base and fiery red inclusions. Though these gemstones differ in appearance and lore, both have been treasured for centuries for their unique properties, symbolism, and roles in human history. This article explores the gemological, historical, and cultural dimensions of these two March birthstones, offering a comprehensive understanding of their significance and appeal.
History and Lore
Aquamarine and bloodstone have long held a special place in human culture. Their names and meanings are rooted in ancient traditions and beliefs that have endured through the ages. Both stones have been associated with protective properties, making them particularly valued during times of travel or hardship.
Aquamarine, with its name derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (of the sea), has often been linked to the ocean. Ancient mariners believed it would calm the waves and protect them from the perils of the sea. Sailors carried aquamarine as a talisman against shipwrecks and storms, trusting in its power to bring safe passage. In medieval times, it was also thought to bring happiness in marriage, a belief that persisted into the Renaissance and beyond. The gemstone was also believed to grant the wearer courage in battle and litigation, making it a favored stone among warriors and politicians.
Bloodstone, in contrast, carries a more somber and deeply symbolic history. Known as heliotrope in ancient Greece, the name translates to “sun-turning,” a reference to the belief that the stone could turn the sun red when placed in water. The name “bloodstone,” however, stems from its red inclusions, which were thought to represent the blood of Christ. According to one legend, bloodstone was formed during the crucifixion when drops of blood fell onto green jasper at the foot of the cross. This association with Christ gave the stone a place of reverence in Christian iconography and religious art. The Italian sculptor Matteo del Nassaro, for instance, used bloodstone to depict the wounds of Christ in his famous carving, The Descent from the Cross.
Both stones have also been used in various healing traditions. Aquamarine was thought to purify the body and soothe the mind, while bloodstone was believed to enhance physical strength and vitality. In some cultures, it was even used as an aphrodisiac when ground into a powder. These beliefs highlight the deep spiritual and practical roles these gemstones have played in human history.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine and bloodstone differ significantly in their geological formation and sources. Aquamarine is a variety of beryl, a mineral composed of beryllium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. It forms in igneous rock veins and is typically found in large, well-formed crystals. The blue color of aquamarine is due to the presence of iron in its structure. Naturally occurring deep blue stones are particularly rare and valuable, though some yellow beryl can be heated to produce blue aquamarine. The best commercial sources of aquamarine are found in Brazil, with additional deposits in Colombia, the Ural Mountains of Russia, Madagascar, and India. In the United States, Colorado, Maine, and North Carolina also yield high-quality stones.
Bloodstone, on the other hand, is a form of chalcedony, a type of cryptocrystalline quartz. It consists of green chalcedony with red inclusions of iron oxides, primarily hematite. Bloodstone forms in sedimentary rock and is often found as pebbles in riverbeds or embedded in rocks. The most significant sources of bloodstone are India, Brazil, and Australia. The presence of iron in the stone not only gives it its distinctive color but also contributes to its metaphysical properties, which have been widely recognized in various cultures.
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are relatively abundant compared to other gemstones, though high-quality specimens—especially those with desirable colors and clarity—are rarer. Aquamarine’s durability and availability in large sizes make it a popular choice for a wide range of jewelry, while bloodstone’s unique appearance and symbolic significance have made it a favored material for carved religious and decorative objects.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of aquamarine and bloodstone further distinguish them as two of March’s birthstones. Aquamarine is known for its clarity and light blue color, which can range from pale blue to deep blue-green. It has a refractive index of approximately 1.57 to 1.58, and a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. Aquamarine is also birefringent, meaning it can split light into two rays as it passes through the stone. This property is particularly noticeable in larger stones and can affect the stone’s appearance when viewed from different angles.
Bloodstone, in contrast, is typically opaque to semi-translucent and is cut as a cabochon to emphasize its color and inclusions. It has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale and a refractive index of around 1.54 to 1.60. While bloodstone is not as transparent or brilliant as aquamarine, its deep green background and red inclusions give it a striking and unique appearance. The red spots are caused by hematite, which also contributes to the stone’s magnetic properties.
Both stones are suitable for a wide range of jewelry applications, though aquamarine’s greater clarity and brilliance make it more versatile for faceted designs. Bloodstone is often used in more decorative or symbolic pieces, such as pendants, rings with cabochon settings, or carved figurines.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical properties of aquamarine and bloodstone have been the subject of much fascination throughout history. Aquamarine is often associated with calmness, purity, and protection. In ancient times, it was believed to protect sailors from the dangers of the sea and promote safe travel. This protective quality extended to other aspects of life as well; aquamarine was thought to bring peace and happiness in marriage and to aid in intellectual pursuits. In modern metaphysical practices, aquamarine is considered a stone of tranquility and emotional healing. It is believed to soothe anxiety, enhance communication, and encourage honesty and truthfulness.
Bloodstone, with its deep green and red inclusions, carries a different set of symbolic meanings. The green is associated with vitality and growth, while the red represents strength and courage. In ancient times, bloodstone was believed to enhance physical strength and vitality, making it a popular choice among athletes and warriors. It was also thought to promote invisibility and protect against betrayal. In more recent times, bloodstone has been considered a lucky charm, especially among those who seek to increase their strength and endurance. In some cultures, it is still used as an aphrodisiac when ground into a powder.
Both stones have also been used in religious and spiritual contexts. Aquamarine’s connection to the ocean and its calming properties have made it a symbol of spiritual purification and renewal. Bloodstone’s association with the crucifixion of Christ has given it a place of reverence in Christian iconography, where it is often used to depict the wounds and blood of Christ.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care and cleaning are essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of aquamarine and bloodstone jewelry. Both stones are relatively durable and can be cleaned using standard methods, though care should be taken to avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that could damage the stone or its setting.
Aquamarine can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush to remove dirt and oils. It can also be cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner or steam cleaning, as these methods are effective for removing stubborn buildup without damaging the stone. However, it is important to note that aquamarine with noticeable inclusions or fractures should be handled with care, as these areas may be more susceptible to damage. When not in use, aquamarine jewelry should be stored in a soft cloth or jewelry box to prevent scratches.
Bloodstone can be cleaned in a similar manner using warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. However, because it is slightly less hard than aquamarine, it should be handled with care to avoid scratches or abrasions. Bloodstone is also sensitive to high heat and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, which can cause the red inclusions to fade over time. To maintain its vibrant color, bloodstone should be stored in a cool, dark place when not in use.
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are suitable for everyday wear, but it is important to avoid exposing them to harsh chemicals such as bleach or ammonia, which can cause discoloration or damage. When wearing bloodstone jewelry, it is also advisable to remove it before engaging in activities that could cause physical impact, as the stone can chip or crack if subjected to excessive force.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone are two of the most intriguing and historically significant gemstones associated with the month of March. While aquamarine captures the tranquility and beauty of the ocean with its clear blue hues, bloodstone carries a deeper symbolic weight with its dark green background and red inclusions. Both stones have been treasured for their protective and healing properties, making them valuable not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their spiritual and cultural significance.
The geological properties of aquamarine and bloodstone further highlight their unique characteristics. Aquamarine’s durability and clarity make it a versatile gemstone suitable for a wide range of jewelry designs, while bloodstone’s distinct appearance and symbolic meaning have made it a favored material for carved religious and decorative objects. Both stones continue to be popular choices for jewelry, not only for their beauty but also for the rich history and meaning they carry.
Whether worn for their aesthetic appeal, spiritual significance, or historical value, aquamarine and bloodstone remain enduring symbols of March’s birthstone legacy. Their continued popularity is a testament to the timeless allure of these gemstones and the deep connections they foster between people and the natural world.