December 19th is a day of unique distinction in the world of birthstones, as it is associated not with one, but with three gemstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These stones, each with their own captivating beauty and rich history, represent a convergence of natural rarity, cultural significance, and symbolic meaning. For those born on December 19th, these gemstones serve not only as personal identifiers but also as powerful symbols of success, protection, and transformation.
This article delves into the properties, histories, and cultural importance of each of these December 19th birthstones. It explores their geological origins, their roles in ancient and modern traditions, and their relevance in contemporary gemology and jewelry design. By examining the unique qualities of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon, we uncover the reasons these gems have earned their place among the most cherished stones of the winter season.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The inclusion of multiple birthstones for a single date is a distinctive feature of December, a month that has evolved significantly in its gemstone associations over time. The modern birthstone list for December has seen several revisions, with the current selection of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon representing both historical continuity and modern innovation.
Evolution of December Birthstones
The earliest known birthstone list, rooted in Biblical references, assigned ruby as the December birthstone. However, as gemstone traditions evolved, the selection expanded and diversified. A notable shift occurred in 1870 when Tiffany & Co. introduced turquoise as the December birthstone in its "Gregorian Birthstone Poems" pamphlet. This marked the beginning of a more flexible and inclusive approach to birthstone associations.
In 1912, the National Association of Jewellers (now the Jewellers of America) listed turquoise as the primary December birthstone and lapis lazuli as an alternative. In 1952, the Jewelry Industry Council of America added zircon to the list, and in 2002, tanzanite was officially included, marking a significant milestone in the modernization of birthstone traditions.
This evolution reflects a broader cultural shift toward recognizing the diversity of gemstones and their symbolic meanings. For December 19th, the inclusion of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon offers a wide range of options that reflect different historical, cultural, and personal connections.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December 19th birthstones carries its own set of symbolic and metaphysical associations, making them powerful talismans for those who wear them.
Tanzanite is often linked to transformation and spiritual awakening. Its deep blue to violet hues are said to resonate with the throat and third eye chakras, promoting communication, intuition, and self-expression. Tanzanite is also believed to support emotional healing and clarity, making it a valuable stone for those seeking inner peace and personal growth.
Turquoise has long been revered as a stone of protection, wisdom, and good fortune. In ancient cultures, it was used as a protective amulet and a symbol of divine favor. Turquoise is also associated with calmness and creativity, making it a popular choice for artists and spiritual seekers. Its blue-green color is thought to mirror the balance between the earth and the sky, symbolizing harmony and renewal.
Zircon, especially the blue variety, is known for its brilliant fire and clarity, and is often referred to as the "gem of the stars." It is believed to enhance spiritual insight, promote self-confidence, and bring clarity to complex situations. Zircon’s historical significance, as one of the oldest minerals on Earth, also adds to its allure as a symbol of endurance and timelessness.
Together, these gemstones form a powerful trio that encapsulates the themes of transformation, protection, and clarity—all of which resonate deeply with the December 19th birthdate.
Geological Formation and Sources
Understanding the geological origins of these gemstones provides valuable insight into their rarity, value, and unique properties. Each of the December 19th birthstones is formed through distinct geological processes and is found in specific regions of the world.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is a relatively modern discovery, first identified in 1967 in Merelani Hills, near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This gemstone is a variety of the mineral cushonite, a calcium aluminum silicate. What makes tanzanite particularly rare is its trichroic nature—it displays three different colors (blue, violet, and red) when viewed from different angles. The most desirable tanzanite exhibits a deep blue to violet hue, which is achieved through heat treatment to enhance its color.
Due to its limited geographic source, tanzanite is considered a one-of-a-kind gemstone, and its availability is expected to decrease over time as mining in the Merelani Hills becomes more difficult.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral formed in arid regions through the interaction of water with copper and aluminum-rich rocks. It is most commonly found in desert environments, where it is deposited in the upper zones of copper deposits. The finest turquoise is often found in the southwestern United States, particularly in New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona, as well as in Iran (Persia), China, and Egypt.
The color of turquoise varies from deep blue to green, depending on the presence of other minerals and impurities. Blue turquoise is generally considered the most valuable, especially when it has a black or dark brown matrix (the web-like pattern that forms as the stone hardens).
Turquoise is also a soft gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it relatively delicate and requiring careful handling and care.
Zircon
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals dating back over 4.4 billion years. It is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Zircon is particularly known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a sparkling fire similar to that of diamonds.
The blue zircon often associated with December is created through heat treatment or irradiation, which transforms its natural brown or yellow color into a vibrant blue. High-quality blue zircon is typically found in Australia, Sri Lanka, and Cambodia, and it is prized for its clarity and brilliance.
Zircon has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, depending on its variety, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear, though it should still be handled with care to avoid scratches or damage.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of each December 19th birthstone contribute to its beauty, value, and suitability for jewelry. These properties include color, hardness, refractive index, clarity, and chemical composition.
Tanzanite
- Chemical Formula: CaAl₆(SiO₄)₃(OH)₁₂
- Color: Deep blue to violet (trichroic)
- Hardness (Mohs): 6 to 7
- Refractive Index: 1.694 to 1.701
- Specific Gravity: 3.14 to 3.38
- Luster: Vitreous
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Cut: Oval, cushion, and princess cuts are popular
- Treatment: Heat-treated to enhance color
Tanzanite is a trichroic gemstone, meaning it displays three different colors depending on the viewing angle. This property, along with its high refractive index and dispersion, gives it a vibrant, glowing appearance that is highly desirable in jewelry.
Turquoise
- Chemical Formula: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
- Color: Blue to green (depends on copper and iron content)
- Hardness (Mohs): 5 to 6
- Refractive Index: 1.61 to 1.65
- Specific Gravity: 2.76 to 2.85
- Luster: Waxy to greasy
- Transparency: Translucent to opaque
- Treatment: Stabilized with resins or oils to improve durability
Turquoise is a soft, porous mineral that is often stabilized with resins or oils to enhance its durability and color. The blue-green color is caused by the presence of copper, while greenish tones are due to iron content.
Zircon
- Chemical Formula: ZrSiO₄
- Color: Colorless, blue, yellow, red (depending on impurities and treatments)
- Hardness (Mohs): 6 to 7.5
- Refractive Index: 1.92 to 2.00
- Specific Gravity: 4.6 to 4.7
- Luster: Vitreous
- Transparency: Transparent to translucent
- Treatment: Heat-treated or irradiated to enhance color
Zircon is known for its high refractive index and dispersion, which gives it a sparkling fire similar to that of diamonds. The blue zircon most commonly associated with December is created through heat treatment, which transforms its natural brown or yellow color into a vibrant blue.
Metaphysical and Cultural Beliefs
Each of the December 19th birthstones carries its own set of metaphysical and cultural beliefs, making them not only beautiful but also meaningful choices for those born on this day.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often associated with emotional healing, spiritual awakening, and transformation. It is believed to help individuals release emotional blockages and promote inner peace and self-acceptance. Tanzanite is also said to enhance intuition and psychic abilities, making it a popular stone for those who are exploring their spiritual path.
In terms of personal energy, tanzanite is thought to balance the throat and third eye chakras, promoting clear communication and insight. It is also believed to support emotional resilience and adaptability, helping individuals navigate life’s challenges with grace and clarity.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been revered for centuries as a stone of protection, wisdom, and good fortune. In ancient cultures, it was used as a protective amulet and a symbol of divine favor. It was also believed to ward off negative energy and promote positivity and good health.
Turquoise is associated with calmness, creativity, and spiritual awareness. It is said to help individuals connect with their inner wisdom and enhance their ability to express themselves clearly. Turquoise is also believed to promote emotional balance and harmony, making it a valuable stone for those who are seeking inner peace and stability.
Zircon
Zircon is often referred to as the "gem of the stars" due to its brilliant fire and celestial beauty. It is believed to enhance spiritual insight, self-confidence, and clarity of thought. Zircon is also associated with endurance and timelessness, reflecting its status as one of the oldest minerals on Earth.
In terms of personal energy, zircon is thought to help individuals overcome obstacles and gain a new perspective on complex situations. It is also believed to stimulate creativity and imagination, making it a valuable stone for artists, writers, and visionaries.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of December 19th birthstones. Each gemstone has its own specific care requirements, based on its hardness, sensitivity to heat, and chemical properties.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite should be cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent, using a soft cloth or brush to avoid scratching the surface. It should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and prolonged exposure to sunlight, which can cause fading or discoloration. It should also be avoided when exposed to harsh chemicals or solvents.
Turquoise
Turquoise is a soft, porous gemstone that requires gentle cleaning. It should be cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent, using a soft cloth or brush. Turquoise should be avoided when exposed to harsh chemicals, oils, or perfumes, as these can damage or discolor the stone. It should also be stored in a dry place to prevent dulling or cracking.
Zircon
Zircon is a harder gemstone, but it is still sensitive to shocks and sudden temperature changes. It should be cleaned with warm water and a mild detergent, using a soft cloth or brush. Zircon should be avoided when exposed to harsh chemicals or solvents, and it should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Conclusion
December 19th is a day of unique significance in the world of birthstones, as it is associated with the trio of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones, each with their own captivating beauty, rich history, and symbolic meaning, represent a powerful combination of transformation, protection, and clarity.
Tanzanite, with its deep blue to violet hues, is a symbol of spiritual awakening and emotional healing. Turquoise, with its blue-green color, is a stone of protection, wisdom, and good fortune, while zircon, with its brilliant fire and clarity, is a gem of the stars, known for its endurance and timelessness.
For those born on December 19th, these gemstones offer more than just aesthetic appeal—they serve as powerful talismans that reflect the unique qualities and experiences of those who wear them. Whether chosen for their beauty, history, or symbolic meaning, these birthstones are a testament to the enduring power of gemstones in connecting people to the natural world and to each other.