September boasts a rich tapestry of birthstone options, extending beyond the widely recognized sapphire to include the historically significant lapis lazuli and the vibrant carnelian. While sapphire remains the traditional and most popular choice, these alternatives offer unique histories, metaphysical properties, and aesthetic appeals, reflecting the transition from summer to autumn and the diverse symbolism associated with the month. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural lore surrounding each of these September birthstones.
A History of September’s Gems
For centuries, the association between specific gemstones and birth months has evolved. September’s birthstone lineage is particularly diverse. Sapphire has long held prominence, deeply embedded in the folklore of numerous cultures and religions. Its connection to wisdom, royalty, and divine insight is a recurring theme throughout history. Sources indicate its sacred status in historical folklore across nearly every world religion.
However, lapis lazuli also enjoys a significant historical connection to September, particularly in ancient times. It was a treasured material in ancient civilizations, adorning the sarcophagus of King Tut and embellishing the palaces of European royalty, such as Catherine the Great’s Russian palace. The association of lapis lazuli with September appears to stem from a historical misidentification with sapphire itself.
Carnelian, too, has a place in September’s birthstone history, particularly as an alternative. Ancient Tibetan traditions recognized agates, a variety of chalcedony closely related to carnelian, as a September birthstone. Furthermore, the zodiac calendar links carnelian to the sign of Virgo, which falls within the September timeframe. Other stones like sardonyx, zircon, and peridot have also been associated with September in various cultures and time periods, though their prominence has diminished in modern birthstone lists.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide), forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks. Trace elements, such as chromium, titanium, vanadium, iron, and magnesium, are responsible for the wide range of colors seen in sapphires, though blue is the most well-known. Sapphires are found in various locations worldwide, including Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Myanmar, Thailand, Australia, and Montana in the United States.
Lapis lazuli is not a single mineral but a rock composed primarily of lazurite, along with calcite, pyrite, and other minerals. It forms in metamorphic rocks and is typically found in mountainous regions. Historically, Afghanistan has been the primary source of high-quality lapis lazuli, and it continues to be a significant producer. Other sources include Russia, Chile, and Canada. The presence of pyrite within lapis lazuli is considered desirable, enhancing its value and creating a shimmering, star-like effect.
Carnelian, a variety of chalcedony, is a cryptocrystalline form of silica. It forms in sedimentary and volcanic rocks and owes its reddish-orange hue to iron oxide impurities. Carnelian is found in Brazil, Uruguay, Botswana, Egypt, and India, among other locations. It is often found in alluvial deposits, making it accessible through surface mining.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of these three birthstones differ significantly, contributing to their unique characteristics and values.
| Property | Sapphire | Lapis Lazuli | Carnelian |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Al₂O₃ | (Na,Ca)₈(Al,Si)₁₂O₂₄S | SiO₂ |
| Mohs Hardness | 9.0 | 5 - 6 | 7 |
| Color | Various (Blue most common) | Deep Blue | Red-Orange |
| Luster | Vitreous | Vitreous to Dull | Waxy |
| Transparency | Transparent to Translucent | Opaque | Translucent |
| Crystal System | Trigonal | Isometric | Trigonal |
Sapphire’s exceptional hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale makes it exceptionally durable and resistant to scratching, suitable for everyday wear. Its chemical resistance and ability to withstand heat and light further contribute to its longevity. Lapis lazuli, with a hardness of 5-6, is considerably softer and more susceptible to scratching. Carnelian, at a hardness of 7, offers a good balance of durability and affordability.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these September birthstones carries a rich array of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Sapphire is often associated with wisdom, truth, nobility, sincerity, and faithfulness. It is believed to promote mental clarity, focus, and spiritual insight, stimulating the throat and third eye chakras. Historically, sapphire was linked to royalty and high society, often adorning the jewelry of kings and queens.
Lapis lazuli is revered for its connection to the cosmos, the heavens, and the divine. It is believed to enhance mental clarity, serenity, and self-mastery. Ancient cultures associated it with spirituality and gods, viewing it as a powerful stone capable of unlocking prophecies. Its deep blue color is often linked to the night sky and the mysteries of the universe.
Carnelian is associated with fertility, confidence, and abundance. It is believed to cleanse other stones and welcome good fortune when placed near an entrance. It is thought to radiate positive energy, raising optimism and confidence, and is particularly beneficial for students seeking to retain information.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, each of these September birthstones requires specific care to maintain its beauty. Sapphires, being exceptionally durable, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for sapphires, but caution should be exercised with stones that have been fracture-filled.
Lapis lazuli, being softer, requires more gentle cleaning. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. A soft cloth dampened with warm water is the best method for cleaning lapis lazuli. Avoid prolonged exposure to water, as it can damage the polish.
Carnelian can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they may damage the stone. Like lapis lazuli, avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners.
Conclusion
September’s birthstones – sapphire, lapis lazuli, and carnelian – represent a diverse range of geological origins, historical significance, and metaphysical properties. While sapphire remains the traditional and most recognized choice, the alternatives offer unique beauty and symbolism. Whether seeking wisdom and clarity with sapphire, spiritual insight with lapis lazuli, or confidence and abundance with carnelian, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of September and its transition into the autumn season.