December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but two recognized birthstones: Tanzanite and Blue Zircon. Both gemstones offer captivating beauty and distinct histories, making December birthdays particularly special. While traditionally, Blue Zircon held prominence as the December birthstone, Tanzanite, discovered more recently, has gained significant popularity, particularly after a successful marketing campaign by Tiffany & Co. This article will explore the geological origins, gemological properties, historical context, and symbolism associated with both Tanzanite and Blue Zircon, drawing exclusively from available sources.
A History of December’s Gems
The concept of birthstones has ancient roots, evolving from astrological associations and beliefs in the gemstones’ inherent powers. Ancient astrologers linked gemstones to the planets and constellations, believing these connections influenced personality and fortune. Originally, zodiac stones and birthstones were often interchangeable, but over time, a more standardized system emerged. The assignment of specific stones to each month, however, has varied throughout history and across cultures.
Blue Zircon has a longer history as a December birthstone, though its use predates the formalized birthstone lists. Tanzanite, on the other hand, is a 20th-century discovery, officially added as a December birthstone in 2002. Its introduction was largely driven by Tiffany & Co., who recognized its potential and launched a marketing campaign to promote the gem internationally.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery with International Appeal
Tanzanite’s story begins in Tanzania, the only place on Earth where this gemstone is commercially mined. Discovered in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, the gem quickly garnered attention for its vivid colors and high clarity. Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in its popularization, believing it possessed “international appeal” and investing in a substantial advertising campaign in 1968. The name “Tanzanite” itself is derived from its country of origin.
Tanzanite is highly valued for its striking pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. It typically exhibits shades of blue, violet, and burgundy. This gem is often gifted to celebrate a 24th wedding anniversary, signifying enduring love and commitment.
Blue Zircon: A Brilliant Gem with a Longstanding Tradition
Blue Zircon is known for its brilliance and availability in a range of colors, including red, orange, brown, yellow, green, and blue. The primary sources of Zircon production are Sri Lanka and Australia. It possesses a hardness of six to seven and a half on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday jewelry with proper care. Heat treatment is commonly used to enhance or alter the color of Zircon, creating a wider variety of shades.
It is important to note that blue Zircon is sometimes substituted with blue Topaz in jewelry, particularly in representations of December’s birthstone. This substitution highlights the visual similarities between the two gems and the potential for confusion in the marketplace.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Both Tanzanite and Blue Zircon possess unique gemological properties that contribute to their beauty and value. The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Property | Tanzanite | Blue Zircon |
|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 6-7 | 6-7.5 |
| Color | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | Blue, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Brown |
| Origin | Tanzania | Sri Lanka, Australia |
| Clarity | High | Variable |
| Treatment | Commonly Heat-Treated | Commonly Heat-Treated |
Tanzanite’s hardness falls within the range of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, while Blue Zircon exhibits a slightly higher hardness, ranging from 6 to 7.5. Both gems require careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. Tanzanite is particularly prized for its high clarity and vivid colors, while Zircon’s brilliance is a notable characteristic.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and believed to possess metaphysical properties. While specific beliefs vary across cultures, certain themes consistently emerge.
Diamonds, the April birthstone, are associated with purity and enduring beauty. Emeralds, the May birthstone, symbolize joy and vitality, representing rebirth and new beginnings. Aquamarine, the March birthstone, is linked to the sea and believed to offer protection and tranquility.
While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with Tanzanite or Blue Zircon, the general symbolism of blue gemstones often includes themes of serenity, wisdom, and inspiration. The association of Zircon with various colors allows for a broader range of interpretations, reflecting the diverse hues available.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Both Tanzanite and Blue Zircon require gentle handling and regular cleaning. Due to their hardness levels, both gems can be susceptible to scratches and chipping.
It is recommended to clean these gemstones with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the stones. For Tanzanite, in particular, it is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or heat, as this can cause fading. Zircon should also be protected from strong impacts, as it can become brittle.
Zodiac and Day-of-the-Week Gemstones
Beyond monthly birthstones, some traditions associate gemstones with zodiac signs and days of the week. According to one system, individuals born under the sign of Sagittarius (November 23 – December 21) are associated with Sapphire, with Topaz and Amethyst as alternatives. Those born under Capricorn (December 22 – January 20) are linked to Onyx, with Ruby and Green Tourmaline as alternatives.
Furthermore, gemstones were historically chosen based on the day of the week, believed to absorb planetary energies. For example, wearing a gold Topaz on Sunday was thought to harness the Sun’s vibrant energy, while an Emerald on Friday was associated with Venus’ love and excitement.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones, Tanzanite and Blue Zircon, represent a fascinating blend of tradition and modernity. Blue Zircon boasts a long history as a cherished gemstone, while Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, has quickly gained prominence thanks to its captivating beauty and effective marketing. Both gems offer unique gemological properties, symbolic meanings, and require careful handling to preserve their brilliance. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, astrological significance, or personal connection, these December birthstones continue to enchant and inspire.