December is a month celebrated with festivities and the chill of winter, and fittingly, it boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – more than most other months. Rather than being limited to a single gem, those born in December can choose from five captivating stones: zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli. Each possesses unique characteristics, a rich history, and symbolic meaning, offering a diverse selection for personal adornment and gifting. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and care of these enchanting December birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back centuries, though the specific stones assigned to December have evolved over time. Turquoise and zircon have long been recognized as primary December birthstones, representing the cool hues of the winter season. Turquoise, in particular, has a deeply rooted history, being one of the oldest gemstones mined and used in jewelry.
More recently, blue topaz and tanzanite have been added to the list, expanding the options available to December-born individuals. Tanzanite is a particularly modern addition, discovered relatively recently in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Lapis lazuli, with its ancient origins, completes the quintet, adding a touch of historical depth to the December birthstone collection.
These stones were not merely chosen for their aesthetic appeal; they were believed to possess inherent powers and symbolic meanings. Turquoise, for example, was often used in protective talismans, while the various blue shades of the December birthstones generally convey a sense of tranquility and serenity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, formed in igneous rocks and metamorphic environments. It can be found in a variety of locations worldwide, though specific sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Blue topaz is a variety of topaz, an aluminum silicate mineral, that derives its color from trace amounts of impurities. Topaz is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and is mined in several countries, though the sources are not specified in the provided texts.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one known location: a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. It forms in metamorphic rocks and is a relatively recent geological discovery.
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral formed in arid regions through a complex process involving copper, aluminum, and other elements. It is often found in association with copper deposits and is mined in various locations, though specific mining sites are not mentioned in the provided sources.
Lapis lazuli, a deep blue metamorphic rock, is composed primarily of lazurite, along with other minerals like calcite and pyrite. Historically, significant sources of lapis lazuli were located in Afghanistan, though the provided materials do not confirm current mining locations.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique beauty and value.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors, though the blue varieties are particularly associated with December. It has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, making it durable enough for everyday wear, but susceptible to scratching.
Blue Topaz is well-known for its calm, serene colors and is relatively hard, with a score of 8 on the Mohs scale. This hardness makes it scratch-resistant and suitable for various jewelry applications.
Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color, a result of its chemical composition and pleochroism (displaying different colors when viewed from different angles). Its hardness is not explicitly stated in the provided sources.
Turquoise is easily recognized by its distinctive robin’s egg blue to greenish-blue color and often features unique veining patterns. It is an opaque gemstone and relatively soft, requiring careful handling.
Lapis Lazuli is characterized by its deep blue color and the presence of golden pyrite inclusions. It is a metamorphic rock rather than a single mineral and is relatively soft.
The following table summarizes the Mohs hardness scale comparison for these gemstones:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
| Zircon | 6-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Not Specified |
| Turquoise | Not Specified |
| Lapis Lazuli | Not Specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is believed to dispel negative energy and provide protection against environmental pollutants. It is also thought to enhance intuition and release inhibitions.
Blue topaz is associated with calmness, serenity, and communication. It is believed to promote honesty and openness. Tanzanite, with its unique color, is often linked to transformation and spiritual growth.
Lapis lazuli has been revered for centuries as a stone of wisdom, truth, and royalty. It was believed to enhance intellectual abilities and promote inner peace. Zircon, beyond its aesthetic appeal, was historically valued for its ability to protect travelers and promote prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Turquoise is porous and susceptible to damage from chemicals, hot water, and harsh cleaning agents. It should be stored separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching and avoid contact with substances like sunscreen, coffee, and lotions that can alter its color.
Blue topaz, while relatively hard, should still be cleaned with warm water and a soft brush or cloth to remove oil and dirt. It is advisable to remove topaz jewelry before sleeping or engaging in strenuous activities.
Zircon also requires careful handling to prevent cracking. Warm soapy water is recommended for cleaning, while ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be avoided.
The provided materials do not offer specific care instructions for tanzanite or lapis lazuli, but given their relative softness, gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is generally recommended.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli – offer a rich tapestry of color, history, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of turquoise and lapis lazuli to the modern discovery of tanzanite, these gemstones represent a diverse and captivating collection. Each stone possesses unique gemological properties and is believed to offer specific benefits to those who wear it. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or metaphysical properties, these icy blue treasures provide a meaningful connection to the winter season and a personal expression of individuality.