March is the only month with two official birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These gemstones, while distinct in appearance and properties, share a long history of cultural significance and symbolic meaning. From their origins in ancient traditions to their roles in modern jewelry and metaphysical practices, aquamarine and bloodstone represent the duality of March as a month of transition—bridging winter and spring, and symbolizing both renewal and strength.
This article explores the geological and historical foundations of these two gemstones, their symbolic meanings across cultures, and their practical uses in jewelry. By delving into their properties and lore, we gain a deeper appreciation of the enduring legacy of March's birthstones.
The Origins of March Birthstones
The tradition of birthstones dates back to the 1st century AD, when early scholars attempted to link the 12 stones mentioned in the biblical Breastplate of Aaron with the 12 months of the year and the zodiac signs. These associations were further expanded by medieval and Renaissance scholars, who began to assign specific gemstones to each month. The modern concept of birthstones became more standardized in the 19th century, with publications like the 1870 poem by an anonymous author (often attributed to a Gregorian source) helping to popularize the idea.
Initially, bloodstone was the sole birthstone for March. However, as gemology advanced and more accurate identifications became possible, aquamarine was also recognized as a March birthstone. This dual designation reflects the gemstone's growing prominence in jewelry and its unique set of properties that resonated with the symbolic meanings of March.
Aquamarine: The Sea in Stone
Geological Properties and Formation
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, known for its clear, pale to deep blue hues. Its name comes from the Latin phrase "aqua marina," meaning "sea water," a reference to its color and its historical use as a protective stone for sailors. Aquamarine is typically transparent to translucent and is prized for its clarity and lack of inclusions. It has a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear in jewelry.
Aquamarine forms in granitic pegmatites, where it is found alongside other beryl varieties like emerald and morganite. It is most commonly found in Brazil, which remains the largest source of high-quality aquamarine. Other notable sources include Nigeria, Madagascar, and the United States. The color of aquamarine is due to trace amounts of iron within the beryl crystal structure.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Aquamarine has been valued for centuries for its beauty and symbolic meaning. Ancient mariners believed it could calm the seas and protect sailors from storms. It was also associated with happiness in marriage and was thought to bring courage and clarity to the wearer. In medieval times, beryl was believed to offer protection in battle and litigation, making it a favored stone among warriors and legal professionals.
During the Renaissance, aquamarine was often used in religious and royal jewelry, symbolizing purity and spiritual clarity. In modern times, it has become a popular choice for engagement rings and anniversary gifts, particularly for those born in March. Its association with the sea and the sky also makes it a fitting symbol for new beginnings and the promise of spring.
Bloodstone: The Stone of Vitality
Geological Properties and Formation
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a form of chalcedony (a microcrystalline quartz) that is typically dark green in color with red spots of iron oxide. These red inclusions give the stone its name and are believed to represent drops of blood, symbolizing vitality and strength. Bloodstone is usually opaque and is most commonly cut into cabochons, which enhance its chatoyant (cat’s-eye) effect and the contrast between the green base and the red inclusions.
Bloodstone is found in various parts of the world, including India, Brazil, and the United States. It forms in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and is often mined from ancient deposits. Unlike aquamarine, bloodstone is not as commonly found in jewelry stores, but it is highly valued in metaphysical circles for its purported healing and protective properties.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Bloodstone has a long and storied history in both myth and medicine. In medieval Europe, it was believed to have healing properties and was used to treat wounds and blood-related ailments. It was also associated with Mars, the Roman god of war, and was thought to grant strength and courage to warriors. In some cultures, it was believed that bloodstone could purify the blood and promote vitality.
During the Victorian era, bloodstone was used in mourning jewelry and was associated with remembrance and strength in the face of adversity. In modern times, it continues to be used in alternative medicine and crystal healing practices, where it is believed to enhance physical and emotional resilience.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine: A Stone of Peace and Protection
Aquamarine is often associated with calmness, clarity, and protection. Its soothing blue tones are believed to promote emotional balance and reduce anxiety. In metaphysical practices, aquamarine is used to enhance communication, both verbal and non-verbal. It is also thought to encourage honesty and truthfulness in relationships.
In addition to its emotional benefits, aquamarine is believed to offer physical protection, particularly for those who live near or travel over water. Sailors and travelers have long carried aquamarine as a talisman to ward off danger and ensure safe journeys. It is also associated with throat chakra healing, which supports clear and confident expression.
Bloodstone: A Stone of Strength and Vitality
Bloodstone is known as a stone of vitality and strength. It is believed to enhance physical endurance and promote courage in times of stress or challenge. In metaphysical circles, bloodstone is used to boost energy levels and combat fatigue. It is also associated with grounding and stability, helping to center the wearer and promote a sense of security.
Bloodstone is often used in healing practices to support the circulatory system and improve blood flow. It is also believed to have protective properties, particularly for those in high-risk professions or those facing difficult decisions. In some traditions, it is used to promote justice and fairness, making it a popular choice for those working in legal or public service roles.
Care and Maintenance
Aquamarine Care
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone with a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, but it can still be damaged by harsh chemicals or sudden temperature changes. To maintain its luster and clarity, aquamarine should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can also be used, but care should be taken to avoid prolonged exposure to heat or moisture.
When storing aquamarine jewelry, it should be kept in a soft pouch or jewelry box to prevent scratches from harder gemstones. Avoid exposing aquamarine to extreme heat or direct sunlight for extended periods, as this can cause fading or damage to the stone.
Bloodstone Care
Bloodstone is a durable gemstone with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear. However, like all opaque gemstones, it can be sensitive to harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. To clean bloodstone, use a soft cloth or brush with warm, soapy water. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the stone's surface or cause the iron oxide inclusions to fade.
Bloodstone should be stored in a dry, cool place to prevent discoloration or deterioration. It is also advisable to store bloodstone separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches or abrasions.
Conclusion
March’s two birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—represent the duality of the month as a time of transition and renewal. Aquamarine, with its calming blue hues and associations with peace and protection, symbolizes the hope and serenity of spring. Bloodstone, with its vibrant red inclusions and associations with vitality and strength, reflects the enduring power of life and resilience.
Together, these gemstones offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. Whether worn for their aesthetic appeal or their metaphysical properties, aquamarine and bloodstone continue to be cherished as symbols of March and the qualities it represents. Their enduring popularity in jewelry and their deep cultural significance make them a fitting tribute to the spirit of March.