December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite. These gemstones, all exhibiting shades of blue, offer a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year, each carrying its own history, symbolism, and geological origins. Alongside these primary stones, Blue Topaz and Lapis Lazuli are also considered traditional December birthstones, expanding the choices further. This article will delve into the characteristics, history, and significance of these December gems, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview.
A History Rooted in Tradition and Modern Discovery
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in the biblical breastplate of Aaron and the foundation stones of New Jerusalem. However, the modern assignment of birthstones evolved over centuries, influenced by gem availability, cultural beliefs, and marketing practices. Turquoise holds the distinction of being one of the oldest known gemstones, originating in the 13th century, with its name derived from the French expression “Turkish stone,” reflecting its initial entry into Europe through Turkish trade routes. Zircon, conversely, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, possessing significant geological and historical value. Tanzanite is a more recent discovery, found only in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a relatively modern addition to the birthstone family.
The practice of wearing gemstones for their perceived benefits is also ancient, with early cultures believing in their healing powers and ability to bring good fortune. These colored gems were worn in rings, pendants, and other jewelry, not merely as adornment, but as talismans imbued with spiritual and mental connections. This tradition continues today, with many seeking gemstones for their aesthetic beauty and symbolic meaning.
Geological Origins and Global Sources
The formation of these December birthstones occurs through diverse geological processes. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often in arid regions, as a secondary mineral formed from the weathering of copper-rich rocks. It is particularly prevalent in the southwestern regions of the United States, where it holds significant cultural importance for Native American communities, frequently incorporated into their traditional attire.
Zircon, being one of the oldest minerals, is found in a variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Its widespread occurrence means it is sourced from numerous locations globally. Tanzanite, however, is exceptionally rare, found exclusively in a small area of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its value and desirability. Blue Topaz is found in various locations, while Lapis Lazuli has historical sources in Afghanistan and is now also found in other regions.
Gemological Properties: A Spectrum of Blue
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and value. Turquoise’s primary color is blue, though it exhibits variations in shades and transparency, ranging from translucent to opaque. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, though the blue variety is particularly associated with December. Tanzanite is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, a result of its trichroism – displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle.
While a detailed breakdown of refractive indices and chemical formulas is not available within the provided sources, it is clear that these stones differ significantly in their composition and optical characteristics. The sources do not provide specific hardness values, but the varying durability of each stone would be a factor in jewelry design and care.
The following table summarizes the key color characteristics:
| Gemstone | Primary Color(s) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue | Translucent to Opaque |
| Zircon | Blue, Rainbow | N/A |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | N/A |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is believed to contain special healing powers, promoting wealth and good fortune to the wearer. The blue color of these stones is often associated with serenity, calmness, and the chill of winter, reflecting the season in which December-born individuals are born.
The sources indicate that these stones are more than just beautiful objects; they are believed to reflect the wearer’s personality and connect them to historical and cultural narratives. The association with the zodiac signs Sagittarius and Capricorn further adds to their symbolic depth, with Topaz linked to Sagittarius and Turquoise to Capricorn.
Care and Maintenance
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires careful handling and appropriate cleaning methods. While specific instructions for each stone are not detailed in the provided sources, general guidelines can be inferred from their properties. Given the potential for variations in hardness and transparency, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water is generally recommended. Consulting with a professional jeweler is always advisable for valuable or delicate pieces.
A Diverse Selection for Every Preference
December’s multiple birthstones offer a diverse selection to cater to different tastes and preferences. The variety in color, price, and personal meaning allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their unique personality and style. Whether one seeks the ancient allure of Turquoise, the brilliant fire of Zircon, or the unique violet hues of Tanzanite, there is a December birthstone to suit every individual. The inclusion of Blue Topaz and Lapis Lazuli further expands the options, providing a rich tapestry of choices for those born in the final month of the year.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite, alongside Blue Topaz and Lapis Lazuli – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From ancient origins to modern discoveries, these gems have captivated cultures for centuries. Their vibrant colors and perceived metaphysical properties continue to make them cherished adornments and meaningful gifts. The availability of multiple birthstones for December underscores the richness and diversity of the gemstone world, offering a unique and personal connection for those born in this special month.