December boasts a unique distinction among the birthstone months: it is represented by not one, but three gemstones – Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite. Each possesses a distinct history, geological origin, and set of gemological properties, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these December birthstones, exploring their historical significance, sources, and physical attributes as documented in available resources.
A Historical Perspective on December Birthstones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month has ancient roots, tracing back to biblical times and the breastplate of Aaron, described in the Book of Exodus. This breastplate was adorned with twelve stones, each representing a tribe of Israel, and believed to hold potent powers. While the exact identification of these stones is debated due to imprecise mineral naming conventions of the era, this practice laid the foundation for the modern birthstone tradition. The assignment of specific stones to specific months evolved over time, with variations existing across different cultures.
The selection of Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite as December’s birthstones reflects both historical usage and more recent additions to the gemological world. Zircon, with a history stretching back centuries, has long been valued for its brilliance. Turquoise, revered for millennia by various civilizations, holds a prominent place in ancient jewelry and adornment. Tanzanite, discovered relatively recently, has quickly gained popularity as a unique and desirable gemstone.
Zircon: A Historic Gem with Varied Origins
Zircon is described as a historic gemstone, sometimes exhibiting radioactive properties. It is typically found within the Earth’s crust, and larger specimens are considered rare. This gemstone displays a wide spectrum of colors, including blue, red, green, grey, yellow, and reddish-brown. Its hardness ranges between 6 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale, indicating moderate durability.
Historically, colorless zircon was frequently used as a diamond substitute due to its brilliance. However, zircon in its natural colored varieties has been utilized in jewelry for centuries. Mining locations for zircon are diverse, encompassing Canada, Australia, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and other regions.
Turquoise: A Stone of Rarity and Significance
Turquoise has been a valued gemstone for thousands of years, signifying rarity and special value. It is found in shades of turquoise, blue, blue-green, and green, with a hardness ranging from 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale. This places it lower on the hardness scale than zircon, requiring more careful handling to avoid scratches or damage.
The sources for turquoise are not extensively detailed in the provided materials, but its historical significance is clear. The gem is often gifted to symbolize rarity and affection.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery from Kilimanjaro
Tanzanite is the newest and arguably the rarest of the December birthstones. Notably, it is found in only one location worldwide: the Kilimanjaro Mountains. This limited source contributes to its perceived value and desirability. Tanzanite exhibits colors of blue, violet, and burgundy, with a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale.
The relative newness of Tanzanite to the gemological world means that knowledge about its quality can be limited, and consumers may struggle to identify good quality stones. Despite this, its unique color and rarity have quickly established it as a sought-after gemstone.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The three December birthstones exhibit distinct gemological properties. The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | Not specified | 6 - 7.5 | Blue, red, green, grey, yellow, reddish-brown | Historically used as a diamond substitute, may exhibit radioactivity |
| Turquoise | Not specified | 5 - 6 | Turquoise, blue, blue-green, green | Signifies rarity and special value |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | 6.5 | Blue, violet, burgundy | Found exclusively in the Kilimanjaro Mountains, relatively rare |
Beyond December: Other Birthstone Associations
While Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite are the primary birthstones for December, it’s important to note that birthstone traditions have evolved. Opal and Tourmaline are also listed as October birthstones, and Tourmaline is also suggested as an alternative for June, alongside Pearl. This demonstrates the fluidity of birthstone assignments and the existence of acceptable substitutes.
Topaz and Garnet: November and January Gems
The provided materials also briefly mention Topaz (November) and Garnet (January). Topaz, with a hardness of 8, is found in various colors, including yellows, pinks, oranges, and browns. Natural blue topaz is rare, and much of the blue topaz on the market has been irradiated to achieve its color. Garnet, ranging from 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, displays a wide range of colors, from colorless to deep burgundy and even green. Demantoid garnets, a rare green variety, are particularly valuable.
Market Trends and Popularity
Analysis of Google Trends data reveals varying levels of popularity for different birthstones across the United States. Diamonds (April) are the most popular, appearing in searches from 20 states. Amethyst (February), Aquamarine (March), and Ruby (July) also demonstrate significant regional popularity. Topaz (November) is the most popular birthstone in only two states, indicating a relatively lower level of overall search interest compared to other gems. This data suggests that consumer preferences are influenced by factors beyond simply the birth month association, including aesthetic appeal and cultural significance.
Care and Cleaning Considerations
The hardness of a gemstone is a crucial factor in determining its durability and appropriate care. Zircon, with a hardness of 6-7.5, requires moderate care to avoid scratches. Turquoise, being softer at 5-6, is more susceptible to damage and should be handled with extra caution. Tanzanite, at 6.5, falls in between, requiring careful handling to preserve its brilliance.
Generally, all three gemstones can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the stones. Regular cleaning will help maintain their luster and beauty.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite – represent a fascinating blend of history, rarity, and beauty. Zircon, with its long-standing tradition as a diamond substitute, offers brilliance and a range of colors. Turquoise, revered for millennia, symbolizes rarity and affection. Tanzanite, a recent discovery, captivates with its unique color and limited source. Understanding the geological origins, gemological properties, and historical significance of these gemstones allows for a deeper appreciation of their enduring appeal. The choice between these three December birthstones ultimately comes down to personal preference, reflecting the individual’s unique style and connection to the gem’s inherent qualities.