December is a month steeped in tradition and celebration, and fittingly, it boasts not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. While historically ruby was associated with December, the modern list has expanded to offer a diverse range of beautiful blue gemstones, each with its own unique history, properties, and symbolism. This article will delve into the origins, characteristics, and significance of these captivating December birthstones.
A History of Changing Traditions
The designation of birthstones has evolved significantly over time. Early birthstone lists, inspired by Biblical texts, initially assigned ruby as the stone for December. However, as gemstone markets developed and consumer preferences shifted, the list began to expand. By 1870, turquoise was recognized as a December birthstone by Tiffany & Co. in their “Gregorian Birthstone Poems.” The National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) further refined the list in 1912, designating turquoise as the primary stone and lapis lazuli as an alternative. Zircon was added in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, and most recently, in 2002, tanzanite was officially added to the December birthstone family. This evolution reflects a growing appreciation for the variety and beauty of gemstones available.
The Allure of Blue Topaz
Blue topaz is a popular modern choice for those born in December. While topaz occurs in a wide spectrum of colors, it is the blue variety that is specifically linked to this month. Interestingly, naturally occurring blue topaz is relatively rare. The majority of blue topaz available on the market has been created through a heat treatment process applied to colorless topaz. This treatment enhances the blue hues, ranging from a delicate sky blue to a deep, rich London Blue, inspired by the largest blue topaz stone exhibited at the UK Natural History Museum.
The name “topaz” itself is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, reflecting the historical association of topaz with strength and protection. Today, blue topaz symbolizes calmness, love, and clarity, making it a meaningful gift for those seeking peace and fidelity. Blue topaz is sourced from various locations, though specific mining details are not provided in the available sources.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in the gem world. This gemstone is known for its captivating blue and violet hues, with the blue variety being considered the most valuable. The Geological Institute of America describes tanzanite as having a “velvety” appearance due to its deep, saturated color. Beyond its association with December birthdays, tanzanite is also traditionally gifted to celebrate the twenty-fourth wedding anniversary. The sources do not provide information on the geological formation or mining locations of tanzanite.
Turquoise: An Ancient Treasure
Turquoise holds a prominent place in the history of December birthstones, being the most consistently listed gem for this month. It is also one of the oldest known birthstones, treasured for thousands of years by numerous cultures. Ancient civilizations in Egypt and China utilized turquoise extensively, and it continues to hold significant cultural importance, particularly in Indigenous communities. In Tibet, turquoise is considered a “national treasure.” The sources do not detail the geological formation or specific mining locations of turquoise.
Zircon: Often Mistaken for Diamond
Zircon, particularly blue zircon, is another captivating December birthstone. It is often mistaken for diamond due to its exceptional sparkle and brilliance. Zircon exhibits a range of colors, but the blue variety is specifically associated with December. The sources do not provide details on the geological formation or mining locations of zircon.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, a general overview can be presented.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Sky blue, London Blue | Delicate, brittle, heat-treated for color enhancement |
| Tanzanite | Blue, violet | Velvety appearance, deep saturation |
| Turquoise | Blue-green | Ancient, culturally significant |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Exceptional sparkle, often mistaken for diamond |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the December birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Blue topaz is associated with calmness, love, and clarity. Tanzanite is believed to bring intuition and vitality. Turquoise has long been revered for its protective qualities and connection to spiritual realms. Zircon is thought to promote wisdom and prosperity. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, add to the allure and significance of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
The care and cleaning requirements for each birthstone vary based on its physical properties. Topaz, being relatively delicate, requires careful handling to avoid scratches or chips. Tanzanite, while beautiful, is also susceptible to damage from heat and harsh chemicals. Turquoise, being a softer stone, requires gentle cleaning with mild soap and water. Zircon, with its brilliance, should be cleaned regularly to maintain its sparkle.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From ancient treasures like turquoise to recent discoveries like tanzanite, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December and the individuals born within it. The expansion of the December birthstone list reflects a growing appreciation for the diversity and allure of the gem world, providing a wider range of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful gemstone.