December is a month celebrated with festive cheer and marked by a unique array of birthstones. While historically recognized by Turquoise, Zircon, and Tanzanite, Blue Topaz has emerged as a popular modern addition, offering a spectrum of blue hues to represent those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, each with its own distinct history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, provide a captivating selection for December birthdays.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient civilizations. Turquoise, the oldest of the December birthstones, boasts a history stretching back millennia. Evidence suggests its use in ancient Egypt, adorning the funerary mask of King Tut, and it was highly prized by Chinese artisans over 3,000 years ago. Native American cultures also revered Turquoise, viewing its color as a gift from the sky and attributing to it properties of health and good luck.
Zircon, another traditional December birthstone, has been utilized in jewelry for over 2,000 years. However, it wasn’t until 1952 that it was officially recognized as a December birthstone. Turquoise is also noted as the 11th wedding anniversary stone.
Tanzanite is a more recent discovery, first identified in the 1960s in northern Tanzania – and remains the only known deposit of this gemstone. Its vivid colors quickly gained popularity, establishing it as a significant December birthstone.
Blue Topaz, while a popular choice, is considered a more modern addition, particularly in the United States. Historically, Topaz, in its various colors, was associated with strength and protection, with the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, believed to be the origin of its name. Today, Blue Topaz symbolizes love and fidelity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these December birthstones occurs through diverse geological processes. Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper that seeps into bedrock. Over time, reactions with other minerals create an opaque stone displaying stunning shades of blue and green, often marked by dark lines and shapes from surrounding rock known as matrix. Significant sources of Turquoise include the southwestern United States, specifically Arizona and California, as well as Iran, China, and Mexico.
Tanzanite’s unique origin is limited to the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, making it a relatively rare gemstone. Its formation involves complex geological conditions specific to this region.
Zircon forms in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is found in locations worldwide, though specific sources for blue Zircon are not detailed in the provided materials.
Blue Topaz, as a variety of Topaz, is found in various locations. While Topaz occurs naturally in a range of colors, the blue hues commonly seen in the market are often achieved through heat treatment of colorless Topaz.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties, contributing to their unique characteristics and appeal.
Turquoise: This gemstone is semi-translucent to opaque, displaying colors ranging from blue to green. It has a Mohs hardness rating of 5 to 6, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones.
Tanzanite: Known for its vivid colors, Tanzanite exhibits strong trichroism, meaning it displays three different colors depending on the viewing angle – blue, violet, and burgundy.
Zircon: This gemstone is known for its incredible sparkle, often mistaken for diamond. It is available in many colors, with blue Zircon being a popular choice for December.
Blue Topaz: Recognized for its clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades, Blue Topaz is a symbol of calmness and clarity.
A comparative table of hardness is provided below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | 6.5 - 7 |
| Zircon | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise was believed to bring health and good luck, while also symbolizing success, happiness, and prosperity. Blue Topaz is associated with calmness, love, and fidelity, making it a fitting gift for romantic occasions. Tanzanite is believed to promote intuition and spiritual awareness. Zircon, historically, was thought to provide strength and protection.
The color blue itself is often associated with tranquility, peace, and stability, reflecting the winter season and the calming nature of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care based on their individual properties. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh impacts. Cleaning Turquoise involves using a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Tanzanite, while more durable than Turquoise, is still sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes. Cleaning Tanzanite can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Zircon and Blue Topaz, with their higher hardness, are more resistant to scratches. They can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. However, it’s still advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, Zircon, and Blue Topaz – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the modern allure of Tanzanite and Blue Topaz, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those born in December. Each stone embodies unique qualities and a spectrum of blue hues, making them cherished symbols of the season and the individuals who celebrate their birthdays within it. The variety ensures that anyone can find a December birthstone that resonates with their personal style and beliefs.