October is uniquely blessed with not one, but two recognized birthstones: the captivating opal and the vibrant pink tourmaline. While opal holds the distinction as the traditional birthstone for this month, pink tourmaline was added as a modern alternative in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council, with approval from the American Gem Society and the National Retail Jewelers Council. Both gemstones offer a rich tapestry of color and symbolism, making them cherished choices for those born in the autumn month of October.
A History of Dual Designation
The designation of two birthstones for October is relatively recent. For centuries, opal reigned as the sole gem associated with the month. Its history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use and reverence found in ancient civilizations. Ancient Romans considered opal the most precious and powerful gemstone, believing it combined the best qualities of all other gems due to its remarkable play-of-color. In the Middle Ages, opal was associated with good luck, invisibility, and the protection of eyesight. Arabic legends described opals as falling from the sky in flashes of lightning.
The addition of pink tourmaline as an alternative reflects a 20th-century trend of expanding birthstone options. This provides individuals with a wider range of choices and allows for greater personalization when selecting jewelry. The inclusion of pink tourmaline also introduces a gemstone from the pink family, which was previously absent from the October birthstone selection.
The Origins of the Names
The very names of these October birthstones reveal their storied pasts. “Opal” is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word upala, meaning “precious stone.” This evolved into the Greek opallios, meaning “to see a change of color,” a fitting description of the gem’s most defining characteristic. The name “tourmaline” comes from the Sinhalese word turmali, meaning “mixed colored stones,” acknowledging the gem’s incredible diversity in hues.
Geological Formation and Sources
Opal’s formation is quite unique. It is a hydrated silica gel, meaning it contains water within its structure. Over millennia, this gel can harden and even replace parts of animal skeletons, plants, or wood, creating what are known as opalized fossils or opalized wood. This process results in a gem that is not crystalline like many others, but rather amorphous, lacking a defined crystal structure.
The vast majority of the world’s opal – approximately 95% – originates from Australia. However, significant deposits are also found in Ethiopia, Brazil, and Mexico.
Pink tourmaline, a complex borosilicate mineral, forms in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. These crystals exhibit remarkable beauty when exposed to light. While occurrences are global, notable sources include Brazil, and historically, California, where a mine once supplied nearly the entire demand for Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi of China, who was a devoted collector of the gem. She was even buried with pink tourmaline, and her remaining collection was crafted into exquisite carvings.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Look
While both opal and pink tourmaline are beautiful gemstones, their gemological properties differ significantly.
| Property | Opal | Pink Tourmaline |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Hydrated Silica | Complex Borosilicate |
| Color | Multicolored with play-of-color | Primarily Pink, but varies |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5.5-6.5 | 7-7.5 |
| Structure | Amorphous | Crystalline |
Opal is renowned for its “play-of-color,” a mesmerizing display of iridescent hues that shift and change as light interacts with the stone. This phenomenon is caused by the diffraction of light within the gem’s internal structure. No two opals are exactly alike, making each one a unique treasure.
Pink tourmaline, on the other hand, exhibits a striking pink hue with variations throughout the color spectrum. Some crystals even display multiple colors, known as watermelon tourmaline, featuring zones of pink and green. Its hardness makes it more durable than opal, suitable for everyday wear.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both opal and pink tourmaline have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Opal is often associated with creativity, inspiration, and emotional expression. It is believed to help unlock imagination and facilitate the expression of feelings. Its ever-changing colors are also linked to hope and transformation.
Pink tourmaline is connected to love, compassion, and emotional healing. It is thought to promote emotional balance and encourage empathy. The gem is also associated with attracting love and fostering positive relationships.
Ancient beliefs surrounding opal were particularly strong. Romans believed it to be the most powerful gemstone, while medieval Europeans associated it with good luck and protection. However, a superstition arose in the 19th century, popularized by Sir Walter Scott’s novel Anne of Geierstein, suggesting that wearing an opal brought bad luck unless it was one’s birthstone. This belief, though not deeply rooted in historical fact, persists in some circles.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, opal and pink tourmaline require different care. Opal, with a Mohs hardness of 5.5-6.5, is relatively soft and susceptible to scratches and damage. It should be handled with care and protected from impacts. Cleaning opal involves using a soft cloth and lukewarm soapy water. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the gem.
Pink tourmaline, with a hardness of 7-7.5, is more durable and can withstand more rigorous cleaning. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water, a soft brush, and rinsed thoroughly. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for pink tourmaline, but caution should be exercised with stones that have been fracture-filled.
Zodiac Associations
Beyond being the birthstones for October, both opal and pink tourmaline have associations with specific zodiac signs. Opal is commonly linked to Scorpio and Libra, the signs that fall within the month of October. Pink tourmaline does not have a strong traditional zodiac association, but its properties align with the emotional and sensitive nature of the Water signs.
Conclusion
Opal and pink tourmaline represent the captivating beauty and diverse symbolism of October’s birthstones. From the ancient reverence for opal’s play-of-color to the modern appreciation for pink tourmaline’s vibrant hues, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their historical significance, or their perceived metaphysical properties, opal and pink tourmaline are truly beautiful ways to celebrate life and the unique spirit of those born in October.