December is a month known for its festive cheer and holiday traditions, but it also holds a special place in the world of gemstones. Those born in this month have the unique advantage of choosing from three beautiful birthstones: tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise. These gemstones not only offer a stunning array of blue hues but also come with a rich history of symbolism and cultural significance.
The Historical and Cultural Significance
Each of these December birthstones carries its own set of historical and cultural significance. Tanzanite, for instance, is one of the most recently discovered gemstones, found in the 1960s in Tanzania. It was named after its country of origin and quickly became a favorite among jewelry designers for its vibrant color and unique properties. Tanzanite is known for its pleochroism, a phenomenon where the stone displays different colors when viewed from different angles—typically blue, violet, and shades of purple. This characteristic makes it a captivating choice for jewelry and a symbol of transformation and spiritual growth.
Blue zircon, on the other hand, has a much older history. The name "zircon" is derived from the Arabic word "zar" meaning gold and "gun" meaning color. While blue is its most popular color, zircon can be found in various shades, including yellow, orange, and green. Blue zircon is often used in jewelry and is believed to bring protection to travelers and promote good health. Historically, zircon was thought to have the power to relieve pain, increase appetite, and ward off diseases, making it a cherished gemstone in many cultures.
Turquoise, the third December birthstone, has an even more ancient lineage. It is one of the first gemstones to be mined and used in jewelry, with evidence of its use dating back thousands of years. Turquoise has been revered in various cultures for its beautiful color and is often associated with protection and good fortune. In ancient Egypt, turquoise was considered a symbol of life and was used to adorn the mummies of pharaohs. Native American cultures also held turquoise in high regard, using it in jewelry and as a protective talisman.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological formation of these gemstones is as fascinating as their historical significance. Tanzanite is formed under unique geological conditions in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. It is a metamorphic rock that contains trace elements of vanadium and chromium, which contribute to its distinctive color. The rarity of tanzanite, which is only found in this specific location, makes it a highly sought-after gemstone. Its hardness on the Mohs scale is around 6 to 7, which means it is relatively durable but still requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.
Blue zircon is a zirconium silicate that forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It is found in various parts of the world, including Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nigeria, and Australia. The blue color of zircon is achieved through irradiation and heat treatment, which alters its color from its natural brown or yellow to a vibrant blue. Blue zircon has a higher hardness on the Mohs scale, typically around 7.5, making it more durable than tanzanite. This durability allows blue zircon to be used in a variety of jewelry settings, from rings to pendants.
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper, typically found in arid regions where it forms in the oxidation zone of copper deposits. It is most commonly found in the United States, Mexico, China, and Egypt. The color of turquoise can vary from a deep blue to a greenish-blue, depending on the amount of copper and iron present. Turquoise has a relatively low hardness on the Mohs scale, ranging from 5 to 6, which means it is more susceptible to scratches and requires gentle care to maintain its beauty.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism and metaphysical beliefs associated with these December birthstones are as rich and diverse as their geological origins. Tanzanite is often linked to themes of transformation and spiritual growth. It is believed to enhance intuition and promote a sense of peace and calm. In some cultures, tanzanite is thought to help individuals connect with their higher selves and encourage personal development. Its vibrant color and unique properties make it a powerful symbol of change and renewal.
Blue zircon is associated with protection and good health. Historically, it was believed that blue zircon could relieve pain, increase appetite, and protect travelers from injury and disease. In addition, it is thought to bring a warm welcome to visitors and promote peaceful sleep without nightmares. Blue zircon is also believed to enhance communication and self-expression, making it a valuable gemstone for those who wish to improve their interpersonal relationships.
Turquoise has long been revered for its protective qualities. In many cultures, it is considered a stone of good fortune and is used as a talisman to ward off negative energies. Ancient Egyptians believed that turquoise protected the wearer from harm and was a symbol of life, while Native American cultures used it in jewelry and as a protective charm. Turquoise is also associated with wisdom and clarity, making it a popular choice for those seeking guidance and insight.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserving the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Tanzanite, being a relatively soft gemstone, should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches. It is also important to avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, as they can damage the stone’s surface. Tanzanite can be cleaned with a soft, damp cloth and mild soap, but ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be avoided as they can cause damage.
Blue zircon is more durable than tanzanite and can withstand everyday wear, but it still requires careful handling. It is advisable to avoid exposure to high heat, as this can cause the stone to lose its color. Blue zircon can be cleaned with a soft cloth and warm, soapy water, and it is generally safe to use ultrasonic cleaners, provided the stone is not set in a jewelry piece that contains other delicate gemstones.
Turquoise requires the most delicate care of the three December birthstones. Its low hardness and porous nature make it susceptible to scratches, stains, and damage from chemicals. It is best to store turquoise jewelry in a cool, dry place and to avoid wearing it during activities that may expose it to harsh chemicals or physical impact. Cleaning turquoise should be done with a soft cloth and mild soap, and it should never be exposed to ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can cause it to dry out and crack.
Modern Interpretations and Adoption
In modern times, the significance of birthstones has evolved, but their cultural and symbolic meanings remain relevant. Organizations such as the American National Retail Jewelers Association have standardized the list of birthstones, making it easier for people to understand and appreciate their significance. Today, birthstones are often chosen for their aesthetic appeal and symbolic meanings, making them popular gifts for birthdays, anniversaries, and other special occasions.
The adoption of birthstones has also expanded to include alternative stones for months that have multiple options. For example, December birthstones offer a choice between tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise, allowing individuals to select a gemstone that best resonates with their personal style and preferences. This flexibility enhances the appeal of birthstones and encourages people to explore the unique qualities of each gemstone.
Conclusion
December birthstones—tanzanite, blue zircon, and turquoise—offer a beautiful array of colors and a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and cultural significance. Each gemstone has its own unique properties and lore, making them not only visually appealing but also meaningful choices for jewelry and personal adornment. Whether chosen for their beauty, historical significance, or metaphysical properties, these December birthstones continue to captivate and inspire those who appreciate the art and science of gemology.
As you explore the world of December birthstones, consider the stories and traditions that surround these gemstones. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their physical beauty but also in the deep connections they forge with those who wear them. Whether you choose tanzanite for its vibrant colors and transformational energy, blue zircon for its protective qualities and durability, or turquoise for its ancient wisdom and protective powers, each December birthstone is a unique and meaningful addition to your jewelry collection.