For those born on August 7th, and indeed for all of August, the vibrant green gemstone known as peridot holds a special significance. Revered for centuries, this gem-quality variety of olivine is often called the “gem of the sun,” a testament to its radiant color and the ancient belief in its protective powers. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating birthstone.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a rich history stretching back millennia. Ancient Egyptians held peridot in high esteem, referring to it as the “gem of the sun” and believing it possessed the power to ward off terrors of the night. This association with sunlight and protection likely stemmed from the gem’s brilliant green hue, reminiscent of lush vegetation and life-giving energy. Historically, peridot has been mined for thousands of years, with significant sources including Egypt’s Zabargad Island, an ancient source of particularly fine specimens.
Interestingly, peridot has often been mistaken for other green gemstones, notably emeralds. Some of the “emeralds” adorning medieval European cathedral treasures were, upon later identification, revealed to be peridots. This misidentification speaks to the gem’s visual appeal and the historical challenges in accurately classifying gemstones. Cleopatra herself was known to adorn herself with peridot, further cementing its status as a gem of royalty and power.
Beyond Egypt, peridot has been found in meteorites, making it one of the few gemstones known to originate beyond Earth. This extraterrestrial origin adds to its mystique and allure, linking it to the cosmos and further enhancing its perceived power.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality olivine, with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄. Its green color is a direct result of the iron content within its structure. Unlike some gemstones whose color can vary based on lighting or impurities, peridot consistently displays its distinct green hue.
The formation of peridot is often linked to volcanic activity. It is brought to the Earth’s surface from the upper mantle by volcanic lava flows. This process explains why peridot is often found in areas with a history of volcanic eruptions. The gem can also be found within pallasite meteorites, offering a rare and unique source.
While historically sourced from Egypt’s Zabargad Island, peridot is now found in various locations around the world. These include the United States, Brazil, Sri Lanka, and other regions with volcanic or metamorphic activity. Meteoritic peridot, while scientifically significant, typically yields stones too small for use in jewelry.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses a unique set of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Lime to Olive Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Transparency | Transparent to Translucent |
| Refractive Index | 1.654 - 1.690 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.27 - 3.37 |
The hardness of peridot, ranging from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, makes it relatively durable, though it is still susceptible to scratches and requires careful handling. Its refractive index contributes to its brilliance and sparkle, particularly under both natural and artificial light, earning it the nickname “evening emerald.” Peridot typically occurs in shades ranging from yellowish-green to olive to brownish-green, with the most desirable stones exhibiting a vibrant, clear green color. It is one of the few gemstones that consistently occurs in only one color, simplifying the grading process.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is often associated with light, positive energy, strength, good fortune, and peace.
Ancient Egyptians believed peridot protected its wearer from evil spirits and brought happiness. It was considered a symbol of renewal and vitality. Modern interpretations continue to emphasize these positive attributes, with peridot often associated with healing, abundance, and emotional balance.
The gem is also believed to symbolize inner strength and resilience, encouraging wearers to overcome challenges and embrace their potential. As the birthstone for August, it is thought to bring good luck and success to those born in this month. Furthermore, peridot is traditionally gifted for the 16th wedding anniversary, representing the enduring nature of a loving relationship.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling to prevent scratches and damage. It is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to harsh chemicals.
Cleaning peridot is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are generally sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gemstone. Rinsing with clean water and drying with a soft cloth will restore its brilliance. Regular cleaning will help maintain the gem’s vibrant color and sparkle. Storing peridot jewelry separately from harder gemstones will prevent scratching and preserve its beauty for years to come.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” cherished by Egyptians to its modern-day association with good fortune and positive energy, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique geological formation, distinct gemological properties, and enduring beauty make it a treasured gemstone for jewelry enthusiasts, collectors, and those seeking a meaningful connection to the natural world. For those born on August 7th, peridot serves as a particularly potent symbol of strength, peace, and prosperity.