November is unique among the calendar months in possessing two recognized birthstones: topaz and citrine. Both gemstones offer a warm and inviting aesthetic, perfectly suited to the transition into the colder months of the year. While topaz holds a longer history as the traditional November birthstone, citrine was added more recently, providing a wider range of options for those seeking a November-associated gem. Both stones are known for their relatively affordability and are believed to possess calming energies, bringing fortune and warmth to the wearer.
History and Lore
The history of topaz extends back centuries, with its name potentially originating from the Sanskrit word tapas, meaning “fire,” or the Greek topazos. Ancient Greeks believed topaz bestowed strength upon them, while Europeans from the 1300s to the 1600s considered it capable of warding off magic spells and dispelling anger. In India, a long-held belief suggests that wearing topaz above the heart ensures a long life, beauty, and intelligence.
Citrine’s history is somewhat more recent in terms of its association with November. It was formally recognized as a November birthstone almost one hundred years ago, likely as a way to expand the options available within the birthstone market. The name “citrine” itself derives from the French word citrin, meaning lemon, though the gemstone’s color is typically a warmer, more golden hue than that of the fruit.
Geological Formation and Sources
Topaz is found in a rainbow of colors, including colorless, light blue, yellow, orange, pink, violet, brown, and, very rarely, red. The majority of blue topaz available today is created through a process of irradiation and heating applied to colorless topaz. A rainbow effect, seen in “Mystic Topaz,” is achieved by coating colorless topaz with a thin artificial film.
Citrine is a variety of quartz distinguished by its warm yellow tone. The Anahí mine is notable for producing a unique combination of amethyst and citrine within the same crystal, resulting in a gem known as ametrine when both colors are present. Citrine from the Anahí mine typically ranges in color from orange-yellow to brownish or greenish-yellow.
Gemological Properties
Topaz exhibits a wide range of colors due to impurities within the stone. In its purest form, it is colorless. Citrine, also a form of quartz, is characterized by its yellow to amber hues.
Citrine measures a 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating good durability and scratch resistance, making it suitable for everyday wear, particularly in rings. Citrine is generally durable enough for normal wear and care and can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water. Ultrasonic cleaning is usually acceptable, but steam cleaning is risky due to the potential for cracking from high heat.
While a detailed table of gemological properties is not available in the provided sources, a comparison of hardness can be presented:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Citrine | 7 |
| Topaz | Not specified in sources |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Topaz is believed to represent strength and honor, bringing a sense of calm and balance to the wearer. Blue topaz, in particular, is associated with relaxation and a dazzling sparkle.
Citrine is considered a healing stone, believed to release negative energy and promote a calm and soothing state of mind. Its warm, sunshine-like hue is thought to radiate warmth and happiness. Some believe wearing citrine jewelry can bring prosperity and success.
The sources suggest that the choice between topaz and citrine can be based on personal preference, connection to the month of November, or even simply a fondness for the stone’s color. The stones are also worn in memory of loved ones or to commemorate significant events.
Care and Cleaning
Citrine, with its hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively durable and can withstand normal wear. It is best cleaned with warm, soapy water. While ultrasonic cleaning is generally safe, steam cleaning should be avoided due to the risk of cracking. Specific care instructions for topaz are not detailed in the provided sources.
Why Choose November Birthstone Jewelry?
The sources emphasize that wearing November birthstone jewelry isn’t limited to those born in the month. Individuals may choose to wear these stones for a variety of reasons, including a personal connection to November, a love for the gemstones’ colors, or a desire to benefit from their perceived healing properties.