The month of August is uniquely distinguished in the world of birthstones, as it is associated with not one, but three gemstones: peridot, spinel, and onyx. Each of these stones carries its own rich history, symbolic significance, and gemological properties that make them not only beautiful but also meaningful choices for those born in this month.
This article explores the distinct characteristics of each of these August birthstones, delving into their geological formation, historical and cultural significance, and their modern applications in jewelry. We will also examine how these stones have evolved in their roles as birthstones and what they represent to those who wear them.
A Unique August: The Triad of Birthstones
In the realm of birthstone traditions, August stands out as the only month with three officially recognized stones. This triad reflects the evolving nature of gemstone traditions, which have been influenced by cultural, historical, and commercial factors over the centuries.
- Peridot is considered the primary or traditional August birthstone, with its use dating back to ancient times.
- Onyx is recognized as the "ancient" birthstone for August, with a history that stretches back over 4,000 years.
- Spinel is the newest addition to the August birthstone lineup, having been officially designated in 2016 by the American National Association of Jewelers.
The diversity of these stones—ranging in color from vibrant green (peridot), to deep red (spinel), to the bold, contrasting patterns of onyx—offers a wide spectrum of options for jewelry design and personal expression.
The Geological and Historical Foundations of the August Birthstones
Peridot: The Green Gem of the Earth and Stars
Peridot is the rare gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄. The color of peridot ranges from a pale yellow-green to a rich olive green, depending on the amount of iron it contains. It is one of the few gemstones that can be found in meteorites, giving it a unique extraterrestrial origin. Peridot is also formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity.
Peridot was known to ancient civilizations. The ancient Egyptians referred to it as the "gem of the Sun", believing it brought warmth and vitality. In Hawaiian culture, peridot is known as "Pele’s Tears", after the volcano goddess Pele, as it is occasionally found in volcanic lava flows.
In modern times, peridot is the most widely recognized August birthstone in the United States and the United Kingdom. It has also been found in several locations, including:
- Zambia
- Australia
- Brazil
- The United States (Arizona)
- Russia
- India
Peridot has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it suitable for jewelry but requiring careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.
Spinel: The Rediscovered Beauty
Spinel is a mineral composed of magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl₂O₄) and comes in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, orange, yellow, green, and blue. Its red and pink varieties were often mistaken for rubies in the past, as it was not formally recognized as a distinct gemstone until the 18th century.
Spinel was officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016 by the American National Association of Jewelers, marking its entry into the modern birthstone tradition. This recognition was driven by a growing appreciation for spinel as a unique and beautiful alternative to ruby, particularly in red and pink varieties.
Spinel is found in a number of countries, including:
- Afghanistan
- Burmah (Myanmar)
- Madagascar
- Sri Lanka
- Vietnam
Spinel has a Mohs hardness of 8, making it more durable than peridot and suitable for daily wear in fine jewelry. Its refractive index ranges from 1.718 to 1.736, and it is known for its brilliant luster and flame-like color in red varieties.
The historical misidentification of spinel as ruby has led to some famous spinel gems being attributed to the wrong mineral for centuries. For example, the “Black Prince’s Ruby” in the British Crown Jewels is actually a large red spinel.
Onyx: The Ancient Stone of Strength
Onyx is a microcrystalline quartz, a type of chalcedony, and is known for its banded patterns and smooth, polished surface. Unlike the other two August birthstones, onyx is not a mineral in the traditional sense but a metamorphic rock that has been shaped and polished for use in jewelry.
Historically, onyx has been used in jewelry and carvings for over 4,000 years. It was particularly popular in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, where it was used to create cameos, intaglios, and beads. Onyx is found in a variety of colors, including black, white, red, and green, and its contrasting bands make it ideal for engraving and cameo work.
Onyx is considered the “ancient” birthstone for August, and it was used in jewelry long before the other August birthstones were recognized. It is believed to symbolize strength, protection, and grounding, and has long been associated with self-control and discipline.
Onyx has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, and while it is relatively durable, it can be sensitive to harsh chemicals and abrasives. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and warm water, and should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Cultural and Metaphysical Significance of the August Birthstones
Each of the three August birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties, which have been passed down through various cultures and traditions.
Peridot: The Stone of Positivity and Transformation
Peridot is often associated with positive energy, transformation, and emotional healing. It is believed to help individuals let go of old patterns, forgive themselves and others, and move forward with a renewed sense of purpose. In some traditions, peridot is also thought to protect against nightmares and promote restful sleep.
Peridot is often used in spiritual practices to enhance self-awareness and inner peace. It is also associated with creativity and self-expression, making it a popular choice for artists and writers.
Spinel: The Stone of Passion and Clarity
Spinel is a stone of passion and clarity, and is believed to help individuals understand their true desires and express them with confidence. It is also associated with emotional strength and resilience, and is often used in energy healing to balance the root and heart chakras.
Spinel is known for its brilliant luster and vibrant color, and is often used in fine jewelry to symbolize love, devotion, and commitment. In some cultures, spinel is also considered a stone of protection and good fortune.
Onyx: The Stone of Strength and Stability
Onyx is a stone of strength, stability, and emotional control. It is believed to help individuals stay grounded, focused, and disciplined, especially in times of stress or uncertainty. Onyx is also associated with protection and self-confidence, and is often used in protective charms and amulets.
In ancient times, onyx was used in cameos and intaglios to symbolize strength and courage, and it was often worn by soldiers and warriors for protection. Onyx is also believed to absorb negative energy and help individuals maintain emotional balance and clarity.
Choosing and Caring for August Birthstone Jewelry
When selecting August birthstone jewelry, it is important to consider not only the aesthetic appeal but also the practical aspects of care and maintenance.
Peridot Jewelry
Peridot is a vibrant and radiant gemstone, but it is relatively soft compared to other gemstones, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. It is also sensitive to heat and abrasives, so it should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water using a soft brush. Peridot should be stored separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
Peridot is best suited for statement jewelry, such as pendants and earrings, rather than everyday wear in rings. Its green color makes it a popular choice for spring and summer collections, and it pairs well with gold and silver settings.
Spinel Jewelry
Spinel is a durable and versatile gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it suitable for daily wear in rings, pendants, and earrings. It is also resistant to heat and abrasives, and can be cleaned with mild soap and warm water using a soft cloth or brush.
Spinel is a popular choice for engagement rings and anniversary gifts, particularly in red and pink varieties, which are often mistaken for rubies and sapphires. Spinel is also a sustainable and ethical gemstone, as it is often mined in small-scale operations with minimal environmental impact.
Onyx Jewelry
Onyx is a durable and versatile gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. It is best suited for cabochons, beads, and carvings, as it is not known for its sparkle or brilliance. Onyx should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, and should be stored separately from harder gemstones to avoid scratches.
Onyx is often used in boho-chic and minimalist jewelry designs, and is popular in black and green varieties for its bold and contrasting patterns. It is also used in cameos and intaglios, where its smooth surface and contrasting bands make it ideal for engraving.
Conclusion
The August birthstone tradition, with its triad of peridot, spinel, and onyx, offers a unique and diverse array of gemstones that reflect the rich history, cultural significance, and gemological properties of these stones. Each of these gemstones carries its own distinct color, symbolism, and meaning, making them valuable not only for their aesthetic appeal, but also for their spiritual and emotional significance.
Whether you are an August-born individual looking for a meaningful gift, a jewelry buyer seeking a unique and beautiful gemstone, or a gemstone enthusiast with a passion for historical and cultural traditions, the August birthstones offer a wealth of beauty, meaning, and inspiration.
By understanding the geological origins, historical uses, and modern applications of these gemstones, we can appreciate them not just for their visual appeal, but also for their deeper significance in the world of gemology and jewelry.