December boasts a rich and varied selection of birthstones, all united by a common thread: the color blue. While traditionally associated with Turquoise, the month also recognizes Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz as official gemstones, offering a spectrum of shades and histories for those born in the final month of the year. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating blue gemstones.
History and Lore
The story of December’s birthstones is one of both ancient tradition and modern discovery. Turquoise stands as the oldest of these gems, with a history stretching back millennia. Treasured in ancient Egypt, Persia, and the Americas, it was not merely ornamental but held deep spiritual and protective significance. Native American cultures, in particular, revered Turquoise for its perceived healing powers and incorporated it into jewelry, amulets, and ceremonial objects, believing it brought good fortune and peace of mind.
Zircon, while also possessing a long history of use in jewelry – over 2000 years – has often been mistaken for diamond due to its brilliance. Its historical associations center around strength and protection.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent addition to the birthstone family, discovered in northern Tanzania in the 1960s. Its unique violet-blue hue quickly captivated the gem world, establishing it as a sought-after gemstone.
Blue Topaz, while Topaz itself has a long history, its association with December as a primary birthstone is more modern, gaining prominence as a popular alternative and now a recognized option. Historically, Topaz was linked to fire and believed to offer strength and protection.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these December birthstones occurs through diverse geological processes. Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper seeping into bedrock, reacting with other minerals over time to create its opaque, blue-green structure. The distinctive dark lines and patterns within Turquoise, known as matrix, originate from the surrounding rock.
Tanzanite’s origin is remarkably localized; the only known deposit exists in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This singular source contributes to its rarity and value.
Zircon forms in a variety of geological environments, often found in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. While it occurs in many colors, the blue variety is particularly prized.
Blue Topaz, as a variety of Topaz, is formed in igneous rocks. While naturally occurring blue Topaz is rare, the majority of the blue stones available are created through heat treatment of colorless Topaz.
Turquoise is notably found in the Southwestern United States, with significant mining and rockhounding locations in Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. However, it is important to verify public access and safety before venturing out to these locations.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses unique gemological characteristics. Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, meaning light cannot pass through it. Its color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue, often exhibiting matrix patterns.
Tanzanite is known for its trichroism, displaying different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle. It is a relatively soft gemstone, requiring careful handling.
Blue Zircon exhibits strong brilliance and fire, often mistaken for diamond. Its color ranges from light sky blue to deep, intense blue.
Blue Topaz, typically created through heat treatment, displays a clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shade. It is a relatively hard gemstone, making it suitable for everyday wear.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue, Greenish-Blue | Opaque | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | Transparent | 6-7 |
| Blue Zircon | Light to Deep Blue | Transparent | 6.5-7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | Sky Blue to London Blue | Transparent | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with success, happiness, and prosperity. It is believed to bring protection and good fortune.
Tanzanite is often linked to transformation and spiritual growth, believed to facilitate communication and intuition.
Blue Zircon is associated with wisdom, honor, and prosperity. It is thought to promote clarity of thought and emotional stability.
Blue Topaz symbolizes calmness, love, and fidelity. It is believed to promote peaceful communication and inspire creativity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December’s birthstones. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh impacts. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Tanzanite requires gentle handling due to its relative softness. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid sudden temperature changes.
Blue Zircon, with its good hardness, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners can be used with caution.
Blue Topaz, being a durable gemstone, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for Blue Topaz.
Zodiac Associations
The birthstones also have connections to the zodiac signs associated with December. Topaz is the primary Zodiac birthstone for Sagittarius (November 23 – December 21), while Turquoise is considered a secondary stone for this sign. Ruby is the primary birthstone for Capricorn (December 22 – January 20).
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz – represent a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the modern discovery of Tanzanite, these gemstones offer a unique connection to the month of December and provide a beautiful and meaningful gift for those born within it. The diverse range of blues, each with its own distinct character, ensures that there is a December birthstone to suit every taste and preference.