December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. This abundance offers a diverse palette of color, price points, and historical significance for those born in the final month of the year. While turquoise and zircon have historically held prominence as the primary December birthstones, modern lists include the vibrant blue hues of topaz and the relatively recent discovery of tanzanite. These gemstones, each with its own distinct allure, reflect the chill of winter and carry a wealth of cultural and metaphysical meaning.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, particularly when set in rings, pendants, or other jewelry. The practice wasn’t a fleeting fashion trend, but a deeply ingrained belief system stretching back centuries. Turquoise, in particular, has a long and storied history, cherished by ancient Egyptians who adorned their pharaohs with the stone, and by Native American tribes who incorporated it into ceremonial jewelry. Lapis lazuli, with its striking blue color and golden pyrite inclusions, was similarly prized for its association with royalty and spirituality.
Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, also boasts a rich historical background, valued for its brilliance and range of colors. While blue zircon is a popular choice for December, the gem also occurs in golden, red, and even colorless varieties. The more recently discovered tanzanite, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, quickly gained popularity for its unique blue to violet coloration. Blue topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, is a beloved choice for its icy blue clarity and calming energy.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often near copper mines, through a chemical reaction involving water, copper ions, and aluminum phosphates. It is found in arid regions around the world, though specific sources are not detailed in the provided materials. Zircon is formed in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, and is found in a variety of locations globally.
Tanzanite’s formation is particularly unique, as it is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a remarkably rare gemstone. Blue topaz is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz, though natural blue topaz does occur. The sources of natural blue topaz are not specified in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties, contributing to their individual appeal. The provided materials do not offer detailed chemical formulas or refractive indices, but do highlight key characteristics.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, offering a dazzling display of light. Blue topaz is known for its calm, serene colors and clarity. Tanzanite is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, often compared to sapphire. Turquoise displays a soft, sky-blue glow with an earthy charm.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on general gemological knowledge (though not explicitly stated in the provided sources), would be as follows:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
This table illustrates the varying durability of the December birthstones, with topaz being the most resistant to scratching and turquoise being the most delicate.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise has long been associated with protection and wisdom, cherished by ancient cultures for its spiritual and healing qualities. Zircon is believed to promote prosperity and ward off evil. Topaz is thought to bring strength and intelligence. Tanzanite is said to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness. The provided materials mention that these stones carry powerful meanings like wisdom, protection and new beginnings, giving December-born individuals a meaningful range of options to express their identity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires careful handling and cleaning. The provided materials offer general advice: following simple care instructions can ensure that these gemstones remain vibrant for years to come. Given the varying hardness of the stones, different approaches are necessary. Turquoise, being relatively soft, should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Zircon, topaz, and tanzanite are more durable but should still be handled with care. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stones. Regular cleaning with a soft brush and warm, soapy water is recommended.
December Birthstone by Day
The provided materials include a list associating a specific birthstone with each day of December:
- December 4th: Blue Topaz
- December 5th: Tanzanite
- December 6th: Turquoise
- December 7th: Blue Zircon
- December 8th: Blue Topaz
- December 9th: Tanzanite
- December 10th: Turquoise
- December 11th: Blue Zircon
- December 12th: Blue Topaz
- December 13th: Tanzanite
- December 14th: Turquoise
- December 15th: Blue Zircon
- December 16th: Blue Topaz
- December 17th: Tanzanite
- December 18th: Turquoise
- December 19th: Blue Zircon
- December 20th: Blue Topaz
- December 21st: Tanzanite
- December 22nd: Turquoise
- December 23rd: Blue Zircon
- December 24th: Blue Topaz
- December 25th: Tanzanite
- December 26th: Turquoise
- December 27th: Blue Zircon
- December 28th: Blue Topaz
- December 29th: Tanzanite
- December 30th: Turquoise
- December 31st: Blue Zircon
This cyclical assignment offers a personalized touch, allowing individuals born on a specific day in December to connect with a particular gemstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.