Peridot, the captivating birthstone of August, has been prized for its unique olive-green hue and rich history since ancient times. Often referred to as the “evening Emerald” due to its vibrant glow even in low light, this gemstone holds a significant place in folklore, royal collections, and modern jewelry. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and symbolic meanings associated with peridot, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of peridot stretches back millennia. Ancient Egyptians revered the gem, bestowing upon it the title “gem of the sun.” They believed peridot possessed properties that promoted good health, relieved anxiety, and brought wealth. Legends also claimed the stone fostered happiness and boosted self-esteem. Archaeological evidence suggests peridot was found on a deserted island by Egyptian sailors, who then brought the stones back to Egypt for cutting, polishing, and adornment by royalty.
Throughout history, peridot was frequently mistaken for emeralds, a testament to its similar green coloration. In the Middle Ages, over 200 carats of peridot were incorporated into the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings within the gothic Cologne Cathedral, highlighting its value and religious significance. The name “peridot” itself was officially coined in 1245 when the stone was left to St. Albans Abbey.
The gem’s appeal extended into more recent centuries. Napoleon Bonaparte famously gifted a peridot jewel to his wife, Josephine, as a declaration of his love. During the Victorian era, the English royal family demonstrated a particular fondness for peridot. King Edward VII, Queen Victoria’s son, even adopted the gem as his personal talisman, believing in its protective qualities. Officially recognized as the August birthstone in 1912, peridot continues to be a cherished gemstone today.
In Hawaiian tradition, peridot is believed to represent the tears of Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes, further enriching its cultural significance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a variety of the mineral olivine, formed deep within the Earth’s mantle. Volcanic activity brings these stones to the surface, where they can be mined. Historically, peridot has been sourced from various locations, including Burma (Myanmar), Norway, Arizona, Hawaii, and the islands of the Red Sea.
A significant discovery of high-quality peridot occurred in Pakistan in the early 1990s. These lustrous stones were subsequently transported to Egypt, where they were expertly cut, polished, and showcased. While these locations represent key sources, peridot is not found in large quantities, contributing to its relative rarity.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits a distinctive range of green hues, typically yellowish-green, olive green, or a brownish-green. Unlike many gemstones that occur in a variety of colors, peridot is consistently found only in these shades of green. Its chemical composition is olivine.
On the Mohs hardness scale, peridot registers between 6.5 and 7, indicating moderate durability. This makes it suitable for jewelry, though it is more susceptible to scratching and abrasion than harder gemstones like diamonds or sapphires. Peridot commonly occurs in round, pear, and oval cuts.
Peridot activates both the heart and solar plexus chakras, functioning as a protective shield around the body, according to metaphysical beliefs.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with a range of positive attributes and symbolic meanings. It is often considered a stone of compassion, believed to bring good health, restful sleep, and peace to relationships. Peridot is also thought to balance emotions and the mind, inspiring eloquence and creativity while fostering delight and good cheer.
Beyond its positive emotional effects, peridot is claimed to attract love, relieve anger, and promote a sense of renewal and rejuvenation. It is believed to diminish obsession, decrease envy, and eliminate feelings of guilt. Those who wear peridot are often described as happy and content individuals, capable of triumphing in challenging situations.
Ancient Romans referred to peridot as the “evening Emerald” because of its ability to maintain its glow even under candlelight. It was also believed to ward off evil spirits.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from abrasive materials and should be protected from harsh impacts. Cleaning peridot jewelry can be achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stone. Regular cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and luster.
Conclusion
Peridot, the August birthstone, is a gemstone steeped in history, symbolism, and geological intrigue. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” in Egypt to its modern-day status as a beloved birthstone, peridot continues to captivate with its unique olive-green hue and purported metaphysical properties. Its association with compassion, good health, and positive energy makes it a meaningful and cherished gemstone for those born in August and beyond.