December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, Tanzanite, Topaz, and Lapis Lazuli – offering a diverse palette of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While modern lists often highlight Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, and Tanzanite, traditional associations extend to the captivating Turquoise and the regal Lapis Lazuli. This abundance of choice reflects a rich and complex history, with the designation of December birthstones evolving over time.
History and Lore
The story of December birthstones is one of shifting traditions. Turquoise holds the longest-standing association, cherished for millennia across numerous cultures. As early as ancient Egypt, Turquoise adorned the burial mask of King Tut, signifying its importance and value. Ancient Asian cultures utilized the gem in intricate carvings, while Native American tribes, particularly those in the southwestern United States, incorporated it into ceremonial jewelry, attributing to it symbolic, mystical, and protective qualities.
Ruby was also historically linked to December in ancient times, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. However, by the 1950s, Lapis Lazuli held prominence as a December birthstone, representing royalty and artistic inspiration. A significant shift occurred in 1952 when Zircon officially replaced Lapis Lazuli as a recognized December birthstone. More recently, in 2002, Tanzanite was added to the list of December birthstones in the United States.
The presence of multiple birthstones for December is not unusual. This practice arose to provide a wider range of options in terms of color, price, and personal resonance, catering to diverse preferences and historical connections.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a wide range of gemological characteristics. Turquoise, known for its opaque nature, derives its color from copper content, ranging from blue to green. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is celebrated for its brilliance and comes in a rainbow of colors, though blue zircon is most frequently associated with December. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery (1967), is prized for its unique blue to violet hues. Topaz, also available in various colors, is often found in serene blue shades for December associations. Finally, Lapis Lazuli is recognized for its deep blue color, often flecked with golden pyrite.
While a comprehensive gemological profile for each stone requires detailed analysis beyond the scope of available sources, some key properties can be noted. Zircon’s “fire” – its dispersion of light – is particularly noteworthy. Tanzanite’s pleochroism, displaying different colors when viewed from different angles, adds to its allure.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Opaque |
| Zircon | Rainbow, Blue | Brilliance, Fire |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | Pleochroism |
| Topaz | Blue | Serene Color |
| Lapis Lazuli | Deep Blue w/ Pyrite | Flecks of Pyrite |
Sources and Geographical Origins
The origins of these gemstones are as diverse as their properties. Turquoise is found in various locations, with significant historical sources in the Middle East and the southwestern United States. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one place: Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Zircon is widespread, occurring in various geological settings globally. Topaz is also found in numerous locations, including Brazil, Russia, and Afghanistan. Lapis Lazuli has been historically sourced from Afghanistan, and continues to be a significant source today.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with friendship, good fortune, health, protection, and peace. Lapis Lazuli, historically prized by royalty, symbolizes self-mastery and protection, clearing the mind and promoting peace. Zircon is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. Tanzanite is considered a protective and soothing stone, facilitating the sharing of spiritual insights. Blue Topaz is associated with self-esteem and the ability to navigate complex ideas, aligning meridians and calming emotions.
These stones are also linked to various metaphysical beliefs. Some believe Tanzanite can activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, enhancing psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions. Turquoise is often used for healing and protection.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care based on their properties. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Zircon, with its brilliance, benefits from gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water. Tanzanite, while durable, should be protected from sudden temperature changes and ultrasonic cleaners. Topaz is relatively hard and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Lapis Lazuli, due to its potential for inclusions and surface imperfections, should be handled with care and cleaned gently.
Following these simple care instructions will help ensure that December birthstones remain vibrant and beautiful for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, Tanzanite, Topaz, and Lapis Lazuli – represent a captivating blend of history, symbolism, and aesthetic beauty. From the ancient reverence for Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gem offers a unique connection to the past and a source of personal meaning. The diversity of these stones reflects the multifaceted nature of those born in December, providing a wealth of choices to celebrate individuality and connect with the rich tapestry of gemological lore. These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible links to cultural narratives and personal expression.