December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite. These gemstones, celebrated for their captivating shades of blue, offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year, catering to different preferences in color, price, and personal meaning. While traditional birthstones for December also include turquoise and lapis lazuli, the modern focus has shifted towards these brilliant blue gems. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite, providing a comprehensive overview of these December birthstones.
A History Intertwined with Tradition
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, particularly when set in rings, pendants, or other jewelry. While the specific stones assigned to each month have evolved over time, the practice itself reflects a long-held human fascination with the beauty and perceived power of gemstones. Turquoise and zircon have historically been considered primary birthstones for December, both offering variations of blue that evoke the chill of winter. However, the inclusion of tanzanite as a modern birthstone reflects a more recent discovery and appreciation for its unique qualities. Lapis lazuli, with its association with wisdom and royalty, also holds a place among December’s traditional gems.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, found in a variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks. Its formation occurs over vast geological timescales, contributing to its historical significance. Blue topaz, while naturally occurring, is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz, which is found in various locations worldwide.
Tanzanite, however, possesses a remarkably limited origin. This gemstone is found exclusively in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a particularly rare and sought-after gem. Its discovery in 1967 was relatively recent, adding to its allure and mystique. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks. It has been mined for centuries in locations such as Persia (modern-day Iran), Egypt, and the southwestern United States. Lapis lazuli, composed primarily of lazurite, is found in metamorphic rocks and is historically sourced from Afghanistan, though it is also found in other locations like Russia and Chile.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Zircon: Celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, zircon exhibits strong double refraction, contributing to its sparkle.
Blue Topaz: Known for its calm, serene colors, blue topaz is a relatively hard gemstone, making it suitable for everyday wear.
Tanzanite: Highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, tanzanite displays trichroism, meaning it exhibits different colors when viewed from different angles.
Here's a comparative overview of key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5 - 7.5 | Colorless, Blue, Red, Brown |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | 8 | Blue |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6 - 7 | Blue, Violet |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, revered for centuries across diverse cultures, is often considered a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. It is believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has long been associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Blue zircon is valued for its clarity and color range, and some believe it promotes prosperity and wisdom. Blue topaz is associated with calmness and serenity, thought to promote communication and emotional stability. Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the birthstone list, is linked to healing, protection, and self-transformation. Some believe it can activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these December birthstones requires specific care based on their individual properties. Zircon, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, is relatively durable but can be susceptible to scratching. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Blue topaz, being harder at 8 on the Mohs scale, is more resistant to scratching but should still be protected from harsh impacts. It can also be cleaned with warm, soapy water. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6 to 7, is more fragile and requires gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, opting instead for warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Turquoise, being a softer stone, requires particularly gentle care. Avoid harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to sunlight or heat. Lapis lazuli should also be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding abrasive materials.
The Appeal of December’s Gems
December’s birthstones—zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December’s birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. From the historical significance of zircon and turquoise to the recent emergence of tanzanite, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. Their unique geological origins, distinct gemological properties, and rich symbolic associations contribute to their enduring appeal, making them cherished possessions for generations to come. These gems are not merely beautiful adornments, but tangible links to history, culture, and personal expression.