December is unique among the months, possessing not one, but three officially recognized birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. All three gemstones share a common thread – a predominantly blue color palette – evoking the cool, tranquil essence of the winter season. These stones, each with a distinct history and symbolism, offer a rich tapestry of choice for those born in December, representing wisdom, protection, and spiritual growth.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones spans millennia. Turquoise, arguably the most ancient of the three, has been prized for thousands of years across numerous cultures. Its use dates back to ancient Egypt, where it adorned pharaohs’ burial masks, and it held significant cultural importance for Native American tribes. The name “turquoise” itself originates from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting the historical trade routes through which these gems first arrived in Europe.
Zircon, with a history stretching back over 2000 years, has also been a favored gemstone in jewelry for centuries. While available in a variety of colors, blue zircon is particularly associated with December births.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in 1967 in Tanzania, giving the stone its name. Its arrival on the gemstone scene is a more modern story, quickly gaining popularity for its striking color and rarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these three birthstones occurs through vastly different geological processes. Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper that percolates through bedrock. Over time, reactions with other minerals create an opaque stone exhibiting stunning shades of blue and green, often marked by dark lines and shapes from the surrounding rock, known as matrix.
Zircon forms in metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks, and is found in a variety of colors. Blue zircon, the December variety, is often created through heat treatment of colorless zircon.
Tanzanite’s origin is particularly unique. It is found in only a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania, making it one of the rarest gemstones in the world. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and its formation is linked to the complex geological activity of the region.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, meaning light does not pass through it. Its color ranges from robin’s-egg blue to green-blue, influenced by the presence of copper and iron.
Zircon exhibits a brilliant luster and is known for its high refractive index, contributing to its sparkle. Blue zircon is a popular choice, though it can also be found in other colors.
Tanzanite is renowned for its remarkable trichroism – the ability to display different colors depending on the viewing angle. It can appear blue, purple, or burgundy, adding to its allure. It is a relatively soft stone compared to diamond or sapphire.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color | Transparency | Notable Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | Opaque | Matrix patterns |
| Zircon | Blue (most popular) | Transparent | Brilliance, high refractive index |
| Tanzanite | Violet-Blue | Transparent | Trichroism |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise is often associated with success, happiness, and prosperity. It has been considered a protective stone, warding off negative energy.
Tanzanite is believed to represent change and spiritual growth. It is linked to peace, higher thinking, and intuition, and is thought to dispel negative feelings, fostering a sense of calm and balance. It is also said to enhance communication and clarity.
Zircon, while less extensively discussed in terms of symbolism within the provided sources, is generally associated with wisdom and purity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstone jewelry. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh impacts. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Zircon, with its brilliance, can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
Tanzanite, also relatively soft, requires gentle care. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaners, as they can damage the stone. Due to its sensitivity to heat, avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
December’s Color and Lucky Associations
The color blue is strongly associated with December, reflecting the hues of its birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and blue zircon. This color symbolizes tranquility, clarity, and renewal. Blue is also considered the lucky color for those born in December, linked to wisdom, relaxation, and maturity.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – offer a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient allure of turquoise to the modern rarity of tanzanite and the timeless sparkle of zircon, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December. Each stone carries its own unique energy and significance, making them cherished gifts and personal adornments for those born under the winter sky.