August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While spinel has recently gained prominence and sardonyx holds historical significance, peridot stands out as a captivating gem with a rich history and a distinctive color. Often called the “sun gem” or “evening emerald,” peridot is cherished for its vibrant green hues and association with good health, peace, and renewal. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical lore, gemological properties, and symbolism of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this fascinating August birthstone.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia. First discovered in Egypt, it was considered the national gem of the country and believed to have been favored by Queen Cleopatra VII. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. The gem’s association with royalty and power is deeply rooted in ancient Egyptian culture.
Beyond Egypt, peridot holds cultural significance for other civilizations. In Hawaii, it is believed to represent the tears of Pele, the volcanic goddess, reflecting the gem’s formation in volcanic lava. For centuries, peridot was often confused with emeralds and topazes, due to its similar green coloration. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was actually a significant source of peridot.
Throughout history, peridot has been attributed with various healing properties. It is popularly known as the “gem of compassion,” believed to bring good health, peace, and harmony to its wearer. It was thought to calm anger, cure depression, and even promote restful sleep. In more recent times, peridot has become the traditional gemstone to commemorate a 15th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, with a chemical formula of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Its formation occurs under extreme conditions, primarily within the Earth’s mantle. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, found within hardened lava flows. Uniquely, peridot has also been discovered in pallasite meteorites, originating from outer space. While meteorite-sourced peridot is often too small for jewelry, it adds to the gem’s mystique.
Currently, several locations are known for producing gem-quality peridot. Myanmar (Burma) is renowned for its large cuts and rich color peridot. Vietnam has become a popular source since the 1990s, offering stones with varied shades of green. Egypt, as the historical source, continues to yield peridot, though production levels vary. Other sources include the United States, Brazil, and Hawaii.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s color is its most defining characteristic. It predominantly displays a natural light green hue, though shades can range from yellowish-green to brownish-green. The intensity of the color is directly related to the amount of iron present within the stone; a higher iron content results in a more distinct and valuable gem. The most sought-after peridot stones are lime green or olive green in color.
Beyond color, several other gemological properties define peridot:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
| Refractive Index | 1.654 - 1.689 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
Peridot has a vitreous luster, meaning it appears glassy. Its hardness ranges from 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable but susceptible to scratches from harder materials. It exhibits a specific gravity between 3.34 and 3.48, indicating its density. The refractive index falls between 1.654 and 1.689, contributing to its sparkle and brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Its bright green color is often associated with nature, growth, and renewal. As the “gem of compassion,” it is believed to foster kindness, empathy, and emotional balance. It is thought to dispel negativity, promote self-esteem, and encourage forgiveness.
Ancient Egyptians believed peridot possessed protective powers, shielding wearers from nightmares and evil spirits. Medieval healers used peridot to treat ailments such as asthma and epilepsy. In modern metaphysical practices, peridot is often used to cleanse the aura, attract abundance, and enhance psychic abilities.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling to prevent scratches. It is generally durable enough for everyday wear, but should be protected from impacts and abrasive materials.
Cleaning peridot jewelry is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water is a safe and effective method. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners (especially if the stone has fractures), and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the gem. A soft brush can be used to gently remove dirt and grime. After cleaning, rinse the jewelry thoroughly with clean water and dry it with a soft cloth. High heat should be avoided, as it can cause some colors of peridot to fade.
Conclusion
Peridot, with its captivating green hues and rich historical background, remains a cherished gemstone. From its ancient origins in Egypt and association with royalty to its modern status as an August birthstone and symbol of compassion, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique geological formation, coupled with its distinct gemological properties, makes it a truly remarkable gem. Whether admired for its beauty, appreciated for its symbolism, or treasured as a personal talisman, peridot holds a special place in the world of gemstones.