Alexandrite stands as one of the most remarkable and sought-after gemstones, particularly significant for those born on June 8th. Unlike many birthstones characterized by consistent color, Alexandrite is celebrated for its unique ability to change color depending on the light source—a phenomenon known as pleochroism. This characteristic, coupled with its relative rarity, has cemented its place as a treasured gem among collectors and within the world of fine jewelry. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of Alexandrite, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating stone.
History and Lore
The story of Alexandrite is inextricably linked to its discovery in Russia’s Ural Mountains. The gem was first identified in 1830, and its discovery coincided with the coming of age of Czar Alexander II, leading to the gem being named in his honor. This historical connection contributed significantly to the stone’s initial fame and prestige. While originally sourced from Russia, most Alexandrite available today originates from Brazil and Sri Lanka. However, stones from these locations often differ in quality and the intensity of their color change compared to the original Russian finds.
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to the 8th and 9th centuries, evolving from a practice of wearing a single stone during its designated month to the modern convention of wearing a birthstone corresponding to one’s birth month. Alexandrite is one of three birthstones for June, alongside pearl and moonstone, each believed to symbolize specific qualities. The standardization of these birthstone lists occurred in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers of America.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a rare variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. It forms under specific geological conditions, requiring the presence of beryllium, chromium, and aluminum. The color-changing effect is a direct result of the way the stone absorbs and reflects light, influenced by the presence of chromium ions within its crystal structure.
Historically, Russia’s Ural Mountains were the primary source of Alexandrite. However, production from this region has significantly declined. Today, significant deposits are found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, and, to a lesser extent, East Africa and India. Alexandrite can also exhibit a cat’s-eye effect, caused by long, thin inclusions within the stone.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite’s defining characteristic is its dramatic color change. In daylight or fluorescent light, it typically appears green to bluish-green. However, under incandescent light, it transforms into shades of purplish-red or raspberry. This phenomenon is due to the stone’s ability to absorb different wavelengths of light depending on the source.
Beyond its color-changing ability, Alexandrite possesses other notable gemological properties:
- Chemical Formula: BeAl₂O₄ (Beryllium Aluminum Oxide)
- Hardness: 8.5 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for all types of jewelry.
- Crystal System: Orthorhombic
- Refractive Index: 1.743 – 1.753
- Specific Gravity: 3.71 – 3.85
The clarity of Alexandrite can vary, with some stones exhibiting inclusions that contribute to the cat’s-eye effect. The intensity of the color change is a crucial factor in determining the stone’s value, with more dramatic and distinct changes commanding higher prices. Due to its rarity and unique properties, Alexandrite is often more valuable than ruby.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, Alexandrite has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is believed to bring happiness, good luck, and increased confidence to its wearer. The stone’s color-changing nature is often interpreted as a symbol of balance, representing the interplay between the physical and spiritual realms.
In some cultures, Alexandrite is associated with intuition and psychic abilities, believed to enhance awareness and promote clear thinking. It is also considered a stone of transformation, aiding in personal growth and adaptability. The gem’s connection to royalty, stemming from its discovery coinciding with Czar Alexander II’s coming of age, has further imbued it with connotations of nobility and strength.
Care and Cleaning
Given its hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale, Alexandrite is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all fine jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance and beauty.
- Cleaning: Alexandrite can be cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
- Storage: Store Alexandrite jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching. A soft pouch or jewelry box is ideal.
- Avoidance: Avoid exposing Alexandrite to extreme temperatures or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause thermal shock and potentially fracture the stone. Ultrasonic cleaners should also be avoided.
- Professional Inspection: Regular professional inspection and cleaning by a qualified jeweler are recommended to ensure the longevity of your Alexandrite jewelry.
Conclusion
Alexandrite remains a captivating and highly prized gemstone, celebrated for its remarkable color-changing properties, historical significance, and relative rarity. From its discovery in Russia to its modern-day status as a June birthstone, Alexandrite has consistently captivated gem enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. Its unique combination of beauty, durability, and symbolic meaning ensures its continued appeal for generations to come. The gem’s ability to shift between hues, mirroring the changing light, serves as a constant reminder of its extraordinary nature and enduring allure.