December boasts a remarkable selection of birthstones – blue topaz, turquoise, and tanzanite – each possessing unique qualities and a rich history. While traditionally turquoise held prominence, the addition of blue topaz and, more recently, tanzanite, offers those born in December a diverse palette of beautiful blue gemstones to choose from. These stones are not merely aesthetically pleasing; they carry symbolic weight and have been valued across cultures for centuries. This article will delve into the origins, properties, lore, and care of these captivating December birthstones.
A Historical Tapestry of December’s Gems
The history of December birthstones is multifaceted. Turquoise holds the distinction of being one of the world’s oldest gem materials, with evidence of its use dating back to 7000 BCE in burial sites in western Iran. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Chinese, revered turquoise for its perceived protective qualities and association with good fortune. Egyptians linked it to the goddess Hathor, crafting it into amulets and beads, while ancient China utilized it in carvings as early as 3000 years ago. Turquoise was officially recognized as a December birthstone by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912.
Blue topaz’s origins are somewhat shrouded in etymological debate. Some believe the name derives from the Sanskrit word “Tapas,” meaning “fire,” while others trace it to the Greek word “Topazos,” referring to a small island in the Red Sea.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, officially recognized by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002. Its discovery is relatively recent, originating in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. A Maasai legend attributes its origin to a bolt of lightning striking the ground, transforming the rocks into shimmering blue gems. The Maasai people traditionally gift tanzanite to mothers after childbirth, symbolizing health, wealth, and well-being.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise, a copper aluminum phosphate, forms in semi-arid and dry environments where rainwater interacts with copper-bearing rocks. The presence of copper dictates the stone’s characteristic blue hue, while iron contributes to green variations.
Blue topaz is a variety of topaz, an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide. The sources of blue topaz are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials, but the information suggests it is a popular and readily available gem.
Tanzanite, a calcium aluminum silicate, is exclusively found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, ranging in color from brilliant blue to green, often exhibiting veining due to the remnants of the host rock.
Blue topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is a durable gemstone available in varying shades of blue – sky blue, Swiss blue, and London blue – each representing a different intensity of color.
Tanzanite’s properties are not fully detailed in the provided sources, but it is noted for its association with transformation and rarity.
The following table summarizes the hardness of the gemstones:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
| Turquoise | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with protection, good luck, fertility, and improved accuracy, particularly for warriors in ancient Egypt. It was considered a holy stone, bringing joy and delight.
Blue topaz is believed to soothe and calm the mind and soul, promoting good communication and restful sleep. Historically, it was given to those with fevers to cool them down.
Tanzanite is linked to new beginnings, transformation, intuition, and raising consciousness. It is also associated with health, well-being, and prosperity. Some historical beliefs suggest it strengthens the immune system, detoxifies blood, and regenerates cells.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care. Tanzanite should be protected from sudden or extreme temperature changes, as well as harsh cleaning methods like steam or ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning is best achieved with a soft brush, warm soapy water, and a soft cloth for drying.
Specific care instructions for blue topaz and turquoise are not detailed in the provided sources. However, given turquoise’s ancient use and delicate nature, gentle cleaning with a soft cloth is generally recommended.
Conclusion
Blue topaz, turquoise, and tanzanite represent a captivating trio of December birthstones. From the ancient origins of turquoise and the calming energy of blue topaz to the relatively recent discovery and transformative symbolism of tanzanite, each gem offers a unique connection to history, culture, and personal meaning. These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible links to the past and symbols of hope, health, and prosperity. Their enduring appeal ensures their continued significance for generations to come.