December 19th Birthstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – A Trio of Tradition and Discovery

December 19th is a date celebrated with a unique gemological heritage, marked by not one, but three recognized birthstones: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. These gemstones, each possessing distinct characteristics and histories, offer a rich tapestry of symbolism and beauty for those born on this day. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, exploring their evolution from ancient traditions to modern appreciation.

The Evolution of December Birthstone Traditions

The concept of associating gemstones with specific months, and even days, is deeply rooted in history. Early references to birthstones appear in the Biblical Book of Exodus, detailing twelve gemstones adorning Aaron’s breastplate, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. However, these early associations did not directly correlate to months as we understand them today. Over centuries, different cultures developed their own systems, assigning various gemstones based on astrological signs, religious beliefs, or simply aesthetic preferences. The modern practice of assigning specific birthstones to each month is a relatively recent development, solidifying in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The selection of tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon as December birthstones reflects this evolving tradition, blending ancient lore with more recent discoveries. Turquoise holds the longest history of the three, revered for centuries, while tanzanite is a comparatively recent find, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. Zircon, though also an ancient gem, has experienced a resurgence in popularity as a December birthstone.

A Closer Look at Each Gemstone

Each of these three birthstones possesses unique qualities that contribute to their individual appeal and significance.

Turquoise: An Ancient Symbol of Protection

Turquoise is considered one of the oldest known birthstones, cherished for millennia by cultures around the world. Its name derives from the French phrase pierre turquoise, meaning "Turkish stone," as the gem often entered Europe through Turkey. It is a soft, porous gemstone, typically exhibiting shades of sky-blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix patterns that add to its character. With a Mohs hardness ranging from 5 to 6, turquoise requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.

Historically, turquoise was believed to possess protective qualities, warding off negative energy and bringing good fortune. Ancient Egyptians used turquoise in jewelry and amulets, while Native American cultures held it sacred, incorporating it into ceremonial objects and believing it connected them to the spirit world.

Zircon: A Sparkle Often Mistaken for Diamond

Zircon is a gem often confused with diamond due to its brilliance and fire. However, zircon is a distinct mineral with its own unique properties. It boasts a high refractive index, contributing to its exceptional sparkle. While zircon occurs in a variety of colors – including red, golden, and clear – the blue variety is most commonly associated with December. Most blue zircons available today are created through heat treatment of colorless zircon.

The name "zircon" is believed to originate from the Persian word zargun, meaning "gold-colored." Historically, zircon was associated with strength and protection. In modern times, it is recognized as a symbol of love and fidelity.

Tanzanite: A Recent and Regal Discovery

Tanzanite is the newest of the three December birthstones, discovered in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania in 1967. Its captivating violet-blue shimmer, often reminiscent of sapphire, quickly garnered attention and established it as a highly sought-after gemstone. Tanzanite’s pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles – adds to its unique appeal. It has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 6.5, making it relatively durable but still susceptible to scratches.

Tanzanite is named after Tanzania, the only place in the world where it has been found in significant quantities. Its relatively recent discovery and limited source contribute to its exclusivity and value.

Gemological Properties at a Glance

The following table summarizes key gemological properties of the three December 19th birthstones:

Gemstone	Chemical Formula	Hardness (Mohs)	Color(s)
Turquoise	CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O	5-6	Sky-blue, greenish-blue, often with matrix
Zircon	ZrSiO4	6.5-7.5	Blue, red, golden, clear
Tanzanite	Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)	6-6.5	Violet-blue

Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs

Each of these gemstones carries a wealth of symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise has long been associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. Zircon is believed to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Tanzanite, as a more recent discovery, is often linked to transformation, intuition, and spiritual awareness.

While these beliefs are not scientifically proven, they reflect the enduring human desire to imbue gemstones with meaning and power. For many, the birthstone serves as a personal talisman, offering comfort, inspiration, and a connection to something larger than themselves.

Care and Maintenance

Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones.

Tanzanite, with its moderate hardness, should be cleaned with warm water and mild soap, using a soft cloth. It is sensitive to heat and light and should be stored away from direct sunlight and high temperatures. Turquoise, being porous, is vulnerable to staining and water damage. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and pH-neutral soap, avoiding harsh chemicals. Zircon, while relatively durable, should also be protected from scratches and harsh impacts. Regular cleaning with warm water and mild soap is recommended for all three gemstones.

December's Additional Gemstone Options

While turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite are the primary birthstones for December 19th, other gems are sometimes associated with the month of December. These include Blue Topaz, Beryl, Sapphire, Emerald, and Chalcedony. Blue Topaz, in particular, is a popular modern choice, known for its calming energy and dazzling blue color.

Conclusion

The December 19th birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – represent a fascinating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Each gemstone offers a unique combination of beauty, history, and symbolism, making them cherished possessions for those born under the December sky. From the protective energy of turquoise to the sparkling brilliance of zircon and the regal allure of tanzanite, these gems continue to captivate and inspire, embodying the spirit of the season and the individuality of those who wear them.