The tradition of birthstones, assigning specific gemstones to each month, is deeply rooted in history and symbolism. November is unique in possessing not one, but two recognized birthstones: topaz and citrine. Both stones, while abundant and relatively affordable, carry rich histories and are believed to bestow positive attributes upon those born in the eleventh month. This article will delve into the origins, properties, symbolism, and modern uses of these captivating gemstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Origin
The association of gemstones with specific months traces back to biblical times. The Book of Exodus describes a breastplate adorned with twelve stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones became linked to the months of the year. The modern standardization of birthstone lists occurred in 1912, when the Jewelers of America organization compiled a definitive chart, building upon earlier traditions. While the biblical origins provide a foundational context, the specific assignment of topaz and citrine to November is a more recent development within this evolving tradition.
Gemological Properties: Topaz
Topaz is governed by the planet Jupiter and is often referred to as the “jewel of harmony and hospitality.” It is a relatively hard stone, registering between 7 and 7.5 on the Mohs’ hardness scale, making it suitable for everyday wear in jewelry. Topaz is found in a variety of colors, though the November birthstone is typically associated with yellow hues.
Gemological Properties: Citrine
Like topaz, citrine is also an accessible and valuable gemstone. It is available in a range of shades, from pale yellow to a rich, brownish-orange. Sources indicate that for November, options include natural citrine, as well as lab-created and imitation versions, including cubic zirconia and hydrothermal yellow varieties. The availability of lab-created options underscores the stone’s accessibility and affordability.
Sources and Mining Locations
Both topaz and citrine are found in many gem-producing regions worldwide. Garnets, also mentioned in relation to birthstones, are found throughout the world, with significant deposits in the United States, specifically in Idaho and North Carolina. While specific mining locations for November’s birthstones are not detailed in the provided sources, their widespread availability suggests they are not exceptionally rare or geographically restricted.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Topaz, particularly yellow topaz, is believed to strengthen faith and optimism. It is linked to the Solar Plexus and Third Eye Chakras, suggesting a connection to personal power and intuition. Citrine, similarly, is associated with positive energy and is considered a stone of abundance. Emeralds, the May birthstone, are believed to grant the wearer the ability to see into the future and offer protection against evil spells. Placing an emerald under the tongue was once thought to enhance fluency in speech. Emeralds are also linked to the heart chakra, promoting unconditional love, unity, and friendship.
December’s birthstones, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite, are described as rivaling the beauty of diamonds despite their affordability. Colorless zircon is noted as a convincing diamond alternative, while tanzanite is often used in place of sapphire. Turquoise’s unique robin’s egg blue color is considered unparalleled.
Comparison of Birthstone Hardness
The following table summarizes the Mohs’ hardness scale ratings for some of the birthstones mentioned in the provided sources:
| Gemstone | Mohs’ Hardness |
|---|---|
| Garnet | 7 - 7.5 |
| Amethyst | 7 |
| Topaz | 7 - 7.5 |
This table highlights the relative durability of these gemstones, with higher numbers indicating greater resistance to scratching.
Historical Uses and Lore
Garnets have a long history in jewelry, frequently appearing in antique pieces and men’s rings from the mid-1800s onwards. Emeralds were historically used in medicine, believed to treat diseases like cholera and malaria before the advent of modern medicine. The breastplate of Aaron, described in Exodus, featured a variety of gemstones, including diamonds, sapphires, and emeralds, signifying their importance in ancient cultures.
Diamonds, particularly high-quality specimens, are among the most expensive birthstones. The Koh-I-Noor diamond, an oval-shaped stone weighing 105.6 carats, is renowned for its size, value, and enigmatic history. Red diamonds are the rarest and most expensive color variety.
Modern Applications and Availability
Today, birthstones are primarily incorporated into jewelry designs, creating sentimental and treasured gifts. The sources highlight the availability of various options for each month, including natural stones, lab-created alternatives, and imitations. This allows for a wider range of price points and accessibility. The provided sources also mention the availability of a wide range of gemstones – Natural Emerald, Cubic Zirconia Emerald Green, Lab Created Emerald, Lab Created Colombian Emerald, Nano Emerald, Lab Created Green Quartz for the month of May. Similarly, for November, options include Natural Citrine, Cubic Zirconia Yellow, Hydrothermal Yellow, Lab Created Yellow.
Care and Cleaning
While the sources do not provide specific care instructions for topaz and citrine, the Mohs’ hardness scale offers some guidance. With a hardness of 7-7.5, these stones are durable enough for everyday wear but should still be protected from harsh impacts and abrasive materials. Regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water is generally recommended for maintaining their brilliance.
The Most Expensive Birthstones
Diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and sapphires are consistently identified as the most expensive birthstones. Their high value is attributed to a combination of rarity, demand, and the importance of the “four Cs” – color, cut, clarity, and carat weight. While not necessarily the rarest gemstones overall, high-quality specimens of these stones command premium prices.
Conclusion
November’s birthstones, topaz and citrine, represent a harmonious blend of tradition and accessibility. While not among the most expensive or rarest gemstones, they possess a rich history, symbolic meaning, and enduring appeal. From their biblical origins to their modern-day use in jewelry, these stones continue to captivate and inspire. Their association with positive attributes like faith, optimism, and abundance makes them particularly meaningful gifts for those born in the eleventh month.