October boasts not one, but two captivating birthstones: the iridescent opal and the vibrant pink tourmaline. Both gems offer a dazzling array of colors and unique beauty, making them meaningful choices for those born in the tenth month, or for anyone drawn to their distinctive allure. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of these two remarkable gemstones.
History and Lore
The story of opal stretches back millennia. Its name originates from the Sanskrit word “upala,” meaning “precious stone,” which evolved into “opalus” in Latin. Ancient civilizations attributed magical qualities to opal. Bedouins believed it held lightning and descended from the sky during thunderstorms, while ancient Greeks associated it with prophecy and protection from disease. In medieval Europe, opal was considered a symbol of purity, hope, and truth, embodying the virtues of all colored stones. The Romans cherished opals, believing they symbolized love and hope.
Pink tourmaline, the modern October birthstone, also has a rich history. In the late 19th century, the Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi of China developed a profound fondness for pink tourmaline, acquiring nearly the entire production from California mines. She was even buried with a pillow of the gem, and her remaining collection was crafted into exquisite carvings. The name “tourmaline” itself comes from the Sinhalese word “turamali,” meaning “stone of mixed color.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Opal’s formation is unique. It is not a crystalline gemstone like many others, but rather a hydrated amorphous form of silica. It forms in cracks and voids in the earth, where silica-rich water seeps in and slowly deposits layers of microscopic silica spheres. The “play-of-color” – the shifting rainbow hues that define opal – is created by the diffraction of light as it passes through these spheres.
Significant opal deposits are found in several locations. While the first opals brought to the Western world originated in India, Australia is now the world’s primary source, producing the vast majority of precious opal. Mexico is renowned for its fire opal, characterized by its red, orange, or yellow background. Crystal opal, known for its transparency and superior play-of-color, is also highly valued. Water opal, a more affordable option, exhibits a subtle play-of-color.
Pink tourmaline, on the other hand, forms in pegmatite veins – coarse-grained igneous rocks. It is primarily a mineral called elbaite. Notable sources of pink tourmaline include Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, and various regions of West Africa. Historically, California was a significant source, particularly during the period when Empress Tzu-Hsi was acquiring the gem.
Gemological Properties
Both opal and pink tourmaline possess distinct gemological properties. Opal is unique in that it doesn’t adhere to the traditional precious versus potch classification system, with fire opal being an exception. Its defining characteristic is its play-of-color, which is a result of light diffraction.
Pink tourmaline measures 7-7.5 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it relatively durable for everyday wear. It forms in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. The color in pink tourmaline is due to the presence of manganese. Tourmaline can also exhibit multiple colors within a single crystal, known as watermelon tourmaline.
Here's a comparative table summarizing key properties:
| Property | Opal | Pink Tourmaline |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Hydrated amorphous silica (SiO₂·nH₂O) | Complex borosilicate (variable) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 5.5 - 6.5 | 7 - 7.5 |
| Specific Gravity | 1.98 - 2.15 | 3.06 - 3.10 |
| Crystal System | Amorphous | Trigonal |
| Key Characteristic | Play-of-color | Variety of pink hues |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Opal has long been associated with inspiration, amplifying emotions, enhancing creativity, and encouraging freedom of expression. It is considered a stone of hope and purity. Historically, it was believed to bestow prophetic powers and offer protection.
Pink tourmaline is linked to artistic inspiration due to its diverse color range. It is thought to promote emotional healing and compassion. The many colors of tourmaline are believed to correspond to different energetic properties, offering a wide range of benefits.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness, opal requires careful handling. It is susceptible to scratching and can be damaged by sudden temperature changes. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
Pink tourmaline is more durable than opal, but still requires gentle care. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid exposing it to excessive heat, as this can damage the stone.
Types of Opal
Several types of opal are commonly used in jewelry. Fire opal, originating primarily from Mexico, is known for its vibrant red, orange, or yellow background. Crystal opal is prized for its transparency and superior play-of-color. Water opal is a more affordable option with a subtle play-of-color.
Selecting Quality Pink Tourmaline
When purchasing pink tourmaline jewelry, it is advisable to obtain it from reputable retailers. The most extensive selection of pink tourmaline jewelry can be found online at Angara, with other options available from select brick-and-mortar stores and online retailers like Blue Nile.
Conclusion
Opal and pink tourmaline, the dual birthstones of October, represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. Opal, with its mesmerizing play-of-color, has been cherished for centuries as a stone of hope and inspiration. Pink tourmaline, with its vibrant hues and association with artistic expression, offers a modern complement to this ancient gem. Whether chosen for their birthstone significance or simply for their aesthetic appeal, these two gemstones are sure to enchant and delight.