June boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones: pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite. While pearl remains the most traditional and widely recognized June birthstone, alexandrite has gained prominence as a modern and highly sought-after alternative. This remarkable gemstone is celebrated for its captivating color-changing ability, a phenomenon that has captivated gemologists and jewelry enthusiasts alike. Alexandrite’s rarity and dramatic optical effect contribute to its significant value and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
Alexandrite’s discovery is closely tied to Russian history. Legend states that the gemstone was first unearthed in 1834 in the Ural Mountains of Russia, coinciding with the coming-of-age of future Czar Alexander II, in whose honor the stone was named. This origin story imbues the gem with a regal association. While initially discovered in Russia, alexandrite is now also mined in Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Brazil. However, alexandrite sourced from Russia is particularly prized for exhibiting the most dramatic color change.
Initially, alexandrite was considered a more abundant alternative to pearl, leading to its adoption as a birthstone. However, this perception proved inaccurate. Today, high-quality alexandrite is exceptionally rare and commands a high price, often exceeding that of diamonds. The scarcity of natural alexandrite has led to the prevalence of synthetic versions in the jewelry market.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. Its color-changing property is a result of the presence of chromium ions within its crystal structure. The balance between ruby and emerald, influenced by the level of chromium, affects the value of the Alexandrite crystals. The distinctness of the color change is also a key factor in determining its worth.
The gemstone’s formation requires a unique geological environment rich in beryllium and chromium. This combination is relatively uncommon, contributing to its rarity. While the Ural Mountains in Russia were the original source, alexandrite is now found in several locations. Brazilian alexandrite often displays a teal or deep bluish-green hue in daylight, shifting to a rich purple under incandescent light. Alexandrite from Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Madagascar, and Burma also exhibit unique color variations. Knowledgeable professionals can often identify a stone’s origin based on its specific color combination, as the geology of the deposit influences the gem’s appearance.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite is renowned for its pleochroism, the ability to exhibit different colors when viewed from different angles. This phenomenon, combined with its color-changing ability, makes it a truly unique gemstone. Under normal lighting conditions, alexandrite typically appears as a yellow-green to greenish-blue stone. However, when exposed to different light sources, it undergoes a remarkable transformation. In daylight or fluorescent light, it displays a vivid green to bluish-green color. Conversely, under incandescent light, it shifts to a deep red to purplish hue. This dramatic change has earned it the poetic description of “an emerald by day, a ruby by night.”
Most alexandrite stones are relatively small, typically weighing less than 5 carats. Larger stones are exceptionally rare and command significantly higher prices. The clarity and cut of alexandrite also influence its value, with well-cut stones exhibiting a vibrant color change being the most prized.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Chrysoberyl |
| Color Change | Green/Blue to Red/Purple |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Transparency | Transparent |
| Typical Size | Under 5 carats |
| Pleochroism | Present |
| Origin | Russia, Sri Lanka, East Africa, Brazil |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The color-changing nature of alexandrite has lent itself to symbolic interpretations throughout history. It is often associated with balance, transformation, and good fortune. The analogy of love is often used to describe the gemstone, as it presents itself in different shades, always revealing its true nature.
Alexandrite is considered a stone of good luck and is believed to bring prosperity and joy to its wearer. It is also thought to enhance intuition and creativity. Some believe that alexandrite can promote emotional balance and help individuals adapt to change.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively high hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale, alexandrite is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. However, it is still susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh impacts. To maintain its brilliance, alexandrite jewelry should be cleaned regularly with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stone. It is also advisable to store alexandrite jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratches.
Alexandrite in Jewelry
Alexandrite’s rarity and beauty make it a highly desirable gemstone for jewelry. It is often set in rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets. Due to its high cost, alexandrite is frequently used as a center stone in elaborate designs or combined with other gemstones to create unique and eye-catching pieces. Alexandrite is also a popular choice for engagement rings, symbolizing a lasting and transformative love. The greater the color change exhibited by the stone, the more valuable it is considered. Synthetic alexandrite is a more affordable option for those seeking the gemstone’s unique aesthetic without the high price tag.
Conclusion
Alexandrite stands as a testament to the wonders of nature and the artistry of gemology. Its captivating color-changing ability, coupled with its rarity and historical significance, makes it a truly exceptional gemstone. As a June birthstone, alexandrite offers a unique and meaningful gift, symbolizing transformation, good fortune, and enduring love. Whether admired for its scientific properties, its historical lore, or its sheer beauty, alexandrite continues to fascinate and inspire.