October holds a unique position in the calendar of birthstones, distinguished as the only month recognized with two official gemstones: opal and tourmaline. This dual designation reflects a fascinating evolution in gemological tradition, influenced by historical practices, market considerations, and the inherent beauty of both stones. This article will explore the history, geological origins, properties, and symbolism of opal and tourmaline, detailing why October is celebrated with these two distinct treasures.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with some sources tracing the practice to biblical references, specifically the breastplate worn by the high priest Aaron, adorned with twelve gems representing the tribes of Israel. These gems were potentially linked to both zodiac signs and months of the year. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, numerous publications proposed varying lists of birthstones, contributing to a growing popular interest in the mystical properties attributed to each gem.
The formalized standardization of birthstones began in 1912 with the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America), which initially assigned a single gemstone to each month. Opal was originally designated as the sole birthstone for October. However, the list underwent revisions, particularly in 1952, to account for changing tastes and the availability of gemstones. Concerns arose that opal was perceived as too feminine and questions were raised regarding its durability, prompting the addition of tourmaline as an alternative. This decision ultimately led to October’s unique status as the month with two birthstones.
The Allure of Opal
Opal has long been revered for its captivating “play of color,” an iridescent display that shifts and changes with the angle of light. Described as the “Queen of Gems,” its beauty has been likened to volcanoes, galaxies, fireworks, and jellyfish, demonstrating the difficulty in capturing its essence with words. Opal’s historical significance is evident in its early association with October, as highlighted in Tiffany & Co.’s 1870 publication of “Gregorian Birthstone Poems,” which featured opal for the month.
The Rise of Tourmaline
While opal held the position as October’s birthstone for a considerable period, tourmaline’s inclusion reflects a shift in the gemological landscape. The addition of tourmaline was driven by a desire to offer a wider range of options, particularly for male consumers who might have found opal too delicate or feminine. Today, pink tourmaline is often cited as the alternate gemstone for October, although tourmaline itself encompasses a vast spectrum of colors, including blues, reds, and greens.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources do not provide specific details regarding the geological formation of either opal or tourmaline.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources offer limited details regarding the specific gemological properties of opal and tourmaline. However, some comparative information is available. Tourmaline exhibits a Mohs hardness of 7-7.5, indicating greater durability than opal, which has a hardness of 5-6.5. This difference in hardness contributes to tourmaline’s suitability for everyday wear. Opal is known for its unique play of color, a phenomenon resulting from the diffraction of light within its internal structure. Tourmaline, conversely, is celebrated for its richness of color, available in a wide range of hues.
A comparative table summarizing the available data is presented below:
| Property | Opal | Tourmaline |
|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 5-6.5 | 7-7.5 |
| Key Feature | Play of Color | Color Variety |
| Durability | Lower | Higher |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The sources highlight the symbolic meanings associated with both opal and tourmaline. Tourmaline is believed to represent love, prosperity, and harmony, while opal symbolizes luck, hope, and spiritual awakening. These symbolic associations make both gemstones ideal gifts for those born in October. The symbolism of October itself, rooted in Roman traditions like Mundus Patet – a time when the realms of the living and dead were believed to be open to each other – aligns with the themes of fulfillment, reaping what one has sown, and the cyclical nature of life.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for either opal or tourmaline. However, given tourmaline’s greater hardness, it is implied to be more suitable for everyday wear. Opal, being more delicate, may require more careful handling.
Conclusion
October’s distinction as the month with two birthstones – opal and tourmaline – is a testament to the evolving nature of gemological tradition and the enduring appeal of both gemstones. The addition of tourmaline broadened the options available to those seeking a birthstone, while opal continues to captivate with its unique play of color and historical significance. Both stones embody symbolism of hope, love, and prosperity, making them cherished gifts for those born under the autumn skies. The story of October’s birthstones reflects a fascinating intersection of history, market forces, and the timeless beauty of the natural world.