June and August stand out in the calendar year as unique months, each blessed with not one, not two, but three recognized birthstones. While the tradition of birthstones dates back centuries, with roots in religious texts and evolving cultural beliefs, the designation of multiple stones for these months reflects a rich and complex history of gemological preference and availability. This article will explore the origins of this tradition, the specific gemstones associated with June and August, and the significance attributed to each.
The concept of linking gemstones to specific months, and even to the twelve tribes of Israel as referenced in the Breastplate of Aaron, has ancient origins. Throughout history, various cultures – Hebrew, Roman, Arabic, Italian, Russian, Hindu, and Polish – have maintained their own traditions regarding birthstones. These stones were often chosen for their perceived mystical properties and were worn as amulets and charms. The modern list of birthstones, however, began to take shape in 1912 with the National Association of Jewelers, and has been updated periodically, most recently in 2016 with the addition of spinel as an August birthstone. The existence of multiple birthstones for June and August is often attributed to providing options based on rarity, personal preference, or budget.
June’s Trio: Pearl, Alexandrite, and Moonstone
June birthdays are celebrated with a choice of three distinct and beautiful gemstones: pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone. Each stone possesses unique qualities and a fascinating history.
Pearl: A Legacy of the Sea
The pearl, perhaps the most recognizable of June’s birthstones, holds a prominent place in mythology and history. Unlike other gemstones formed within the earth, pearls originate from living creatures – oysters, mussels, and other mollusks. This unique origin has imbued pearls with symbolism related to purity, mystery, and transformation. Ancient cultures held diverse beliefs about their formation; the Middle East considered them teardrops from heaven, while the Chinese believed they were the product of dragon’s wisdom. Even Cleopatra was known to have dissolved a pearl in vinegar as a demonstration of wealth and affection.
Pearls are timeless and universally beloved, representing a classic choice for jewelry. They are formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk, and can be natural or cultured. Cultured pearls are the more common variety available today.
Alexandrite: A Stone of Dramatic Change
Alexandrite is a rarer and more valuable June birthstone, known for its remarkable color-changing ability. This phenomenon, known as the Alexandrite effect, causes the gem to appear green in daylight and red under incandescent light. This unique characteristic made it highly prized by jewelers and collectors.
Moonstone: Capturing Lunar Radiance
Moonstone, the third June birthstone, is celebrated for its ethereal glow and association with the moon. Its name aptly reflects its appearance, often exhibiting a soft, milky sheen known as adularescence. Throughout history, moonstone has been linked to feminine energy, intuition, and emotional balance.
August’s Three Gems: Peridot, Spinel, and Onyx
August also boasts three birthstones: peridot, spinel, and onyx. These stones offer a range of colors and symbolism, providing August-born individuals with diverse options.
Peridot: The Gem of the Sun
Peridot, with its distinctive olive-green hue, is often referred to as the “gem of the sun.” It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color, ranging from vivid lime-green to olive-green. Formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity, peridot has been mined in locations such as Egypt (specifically the island of Zabargad), Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, the United States, Hawaii, and China. It is a type of olivine mineral. Peridot is associated with strength and resilience.
Spinel: A Relatively Recent Addition
Spinel is a more recent addition to the list of August birthstones, officially recognized in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association and the National Association of Jewelers. For centuries, red spinel was often mistaken for ruby, and it wasn’t until the 19th century that spinel was recognized as a distinct mineral species. Spinel comes in a variety of colors, including red, pink, blue, and black.
Onyx: A Stone of Strength and Protection
Onyx, the third August birthstone, is a variety of chalcedony, known for its parallel banded structure. Typically black, onyx has been used for centuries in carvings and jewelry. It is often associated with strength, protection, and grounding.
The Evolution of Birthstone Lists
The standardization of birthstone lists is a relatively recent phenomenon. While ancient and traditional lists existed for centuries, the modern list emerged in 1912 with the National Association of Jewelers. This list has been updated several times, with Alexandrite added for June in 1952 and Spinel added for August in 2016. The existence of “ancient,” “traditional,” and “modern” lists highlights the evolving nature of these associations and the regional variations in birthstone preferences. Jewelers in North America and Europe, for example, may refer to slightly different traditions, further contributing to the diversity of options.
Significance and Symbolism
The significance of birthstones extends beyond their aesthetic appeal. Throughout history, these gems have been believed to possess mystical properties and offer protection, good fortune, and healing powers. While these beliefs are not scientifically substantiated, they continue to resonate with many individuals who choose to wear their birthstones as a personal talisman or a meaningful piece of jewelry. The choice between multiple birthstones for a single month allows individuals to select a gem that resonates with their personality, preferences, or the specific symbolism they seek.
Choosing a Birthstone
With the option of three birthstones for both June and August, selecting the perfect gem can be a delightful experience. Considerations such as color preference, budget, and personal symbolism can guide the decision-making process. Pearls offer timeless elegance, alexandrite provides a captivating color-changing effect, and moonstone exudes ethereal beauty. Peridot embodies strength and resilience, spinel offers a vibrant range of colors, and onyx provides a sense of grounding and protection. Ultimately, the best birthstone is the one that holds the most personal meaning for the wearer.
Conclusion
The months of June and August are uniquely distinguished by their offering of three birthstones each. This tradition, rooted in ancient beliefs and evolving through centuries of cultural influence, provides a rich tapestry of gemological options. From the luminous pearl and color-changing alexandrite to the radiant moonstone, and the vibrant peridot, captivating spinel, and protective onyx, these gemstones offer a diverse range of beauty, symbolism, and personal significance. The continued popularity of birthstones underscores their enduring appeal as meaningful gifts, cherished heirlooms, and powerful symbols of identity and connection.