Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of colored gemstones, yet it has quickly become a highly sought-after gem, particularly as a birthstone for December. Discovered in the late 1960s in Tanzania, this captivating gem displays a unique range of blue and violet hues, making it a favorite among collectors and jewelry enthusiasts. Its limited geographical origin – the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro – contributes to its rarity and value. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone.
History and Lore
While birthstones have a long and storied history, Tanzanite’s association with December is comparatively recent. Traditionally, December was represented by turquoise, blue zircon, and blue topaz. However, in 2002, the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) officially recognized Tanzanite as a December birthstone, acknowledging its growing popularity and unique qualities.
The story of Tanzanite begins with Jumanne Ngoma, a Maasai tribesman who discovered the gem in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Initially mistaken for sapphires, the crystals were later identified as a previously unknown variety of zoisite by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). Recognizing its potential, Tiffany & Co. took on the task of marketing this new gemstone to an international audience.
A significant challenge arose when considering a name for the gem. The initial designation, “blue zoisite,” was deemed unfavorable due to its phonetic similarity to “blue suicide.” To overcome this hurdle, Tiffany & Co. cleverly named the gem “tanzanite” in honor of its country of origin, Tanzania, successfully launching a major advertising campaign in 1968. This strategic branding cemented Tanzanite’s place in the gemstone market.
The gem is often referred to as “a pedra preciosa de uma geração” (a gemstone of a generation) due to its exceptional rarity. It is believed that gifting Tanzanite offers happiness, prosperity, and protection to the recipient, making it a meaningful present for December birthdays.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is exclusively found in a small area – the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source is a key factor in its rarity. The unique geological conditions required for its formation are believed to be exceptionally rare, leading scientists to believe that no other commercially viable source of Tanzanite exists elsewhere in the world.
The gem is mined from deep within the earth, with mechanized operations reaching depths of over 100 meters. The landscape surrounding the mines is characterized by grass-covered hillsides, scrub brush, and rocky soil. Thousands of workers are involved in the mining process, recovering the gemstone from these challenging terrains. The proximity of the mines to the snow-covered slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro adds to the mystique of this unique location.
Tanzanite is a blue variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. Its distinctive color is attributed to the presence of vanadium within its crystal structure.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is renowned for its captivating color, which ranges from a pure, rich blue to violet. The blue hues are generally considered the most valuable. The gem is often described as “velvety” due to its deep and saturated color. A notable characteristic of Tanzanite is its trichroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles. This play of colors contributes to its vibrancy and appeal.
While specific gemological data like refractive index and chemical formula are not provided in the sources, it is known that Tanzanite is a relatively hard gemstone, making it suitable for various jewelry applications. It is a species of zoisite, and its color is dependent on the presence of vanadium.
Here's a table summarizing the birthstones by month, as provided in one of the sources:
| Month | Modern Birthstone | Traditional Birthstone |
|---|---|---|
| January | Garnet | Garnet |
| February | Amethyst | Amethyst |
| March | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
| April | Diamond | Diamond |
| May | Emerald | Emerald |
| June | Alexandrite | Pearl |
| July | Ruby | Ruby |
| August | Peridot/Spinel | Sardonyx |
| September | Sapphire | Sapphire |
| October | Tourmaline | Opal |
| November | Golden Topaz/Citrine | Topaz |
| December | Blue Zircon/Blue Topaz/Tanzanite | Turquoise/Lapis Lazuli |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Tanzanite, as a December birthstone, is believed to offer a plethora of benefits to its wearer, including protection, fortune, serenity, and happiness. It is considered a potent tool for achieving one’s full potential and overcoming life’s challenges.
The act of giving or receiving Tanzanite jewelry is seen as a gesture of goodwill, conveying wishes for awakening, fulfillment, and success. It is believed to be a gemstone that encourages positive transformation and spiritual growth.
Care and Cleaning
While the provided sources do not offer specific care instructions, it is generally recommended to clean Tanzanite with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Due to its relative hardness, it can be susceptible to scratches from abrasive materials. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the gemstone. Regular cleaning will help maintain its brilliance and luster.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, a captivating and rare gemstone, has quickly established itself as a significant December birthstone. Its unique history, limited geographical origin, and mesmerizing color make it a treasured gem among collectors and jewelry lovers. From its discovery in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania to its successful marketing by Tiffany & Co., Tanzanite’s journey is a testament to its enduring appeal. As a symbol of prosperity, protection, and spiritual growth, Tanzanite continues to enchant and inspire those who appreciate its beauty and significance.