December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite – alongside the traditional choices of turquoise and lapis lazuli. These gemstones, each with its unique history, geological origins, and aesthetic qualities, offer a diverse selection for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the characteristics of these December birthstones, exploring their significance through history and their enduring appeal in modern jewelry.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, evolving from biblical connections and early cultural practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, adorning rings, pendants, and other jewelry. This practice isn’t a recent trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval history. While turquoise and lapis lazuli have long been considered traditional December birthstones, the modern selections of blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite have gained prominence. Turquoise, in particular, has been a commonly known December birthstone, celebrated for its stunning color and versatility. Zircon, though less frequently seen in contemporary jewelry, remains a bold and beautiful option. Tanzanite, added to the birthstone list in 1952, is prized for its deep blue tones.
Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure hues, has been associated with wisdom and royalty since ancient civilizations. It was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hues, brings a sense of tranquility and positive energy. Revered for centuries across various cultures, it has often been seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources and formation of these December birthstones vary considerably. Turquoise, a semi-translucent to opaque gem, ranges in color from blue to green and often contains veins of matrix – remnants of the rock in which it formed. Its history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use by pharaohs in ancient Egypt and Chinese artisans over 3,000 years ago.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors. Tanzanite, however, is significantly more localized in its origin. It is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, contributing to its rarity and value. Blue topaz, while found in several locations, is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz, enhancing its blue hue.
Gemological Properties
Each of these gemstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise is not typically faceted due to its opaque nature and is often cut into cabochons or beads. Its composition includes hydrated copper aluminum phosphate. Zircon exhibits a high refractive index, contributing to its brilliance and “fire.” It can occur in a variety of colors, but the blue varieties are particularly favored as December birthstones. Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, displays a unique trichroism, meaning it exhibits three different colors depending on the viewing angle – blue, violet, and burgundy. This pleochroism is a key characteristic of the gem.
Here's a comparative overview of some key properties:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Opaque | 5-6 |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Transparent | 6.5-7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Transparent | 8 |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | Transparent | 6-7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise was thought to possess beneficial powers, guaranteeing health and good fortune. It was believed to protect wearers from falls and warn of impending disaster. Hindu mystics believed that viewing turquoise after beholding the new moon ensured wealth. Lapis lazuli, with its association with royalty and wisdom, was believed to enhance intellectual abilities and promote truth.
Zircon has been celebrated for its brilliance and historical significance, being one of the oldest minerals on Earth. Tanzanite, due to its relative recent discovery, has quickly gained a reputation for its connection to spiritual growth and transformation. Blue topaz is often associated with calm, serenity, and communication.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Turquoise, being a relatively soft stone, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Zircon, with its good hardness, is more durable but should still be protected from abrasive materials. Blue topaz, being a hard stone, is relatively resistant to scratching but can be chipped with a sharp blow. Tanzanite, while durable, is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to sudden temperature changes. All gemstones benefit from regular cleaning with a soft brush and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, especially for turquoise and tanzanite.
Modern Significance and Jewelry Options
Today, December birthstones continue to be popular choices for jewelry. Blue topaz is a particularly popular modern choice, known for its affordability and vibrant color. Blue zircon offers a unique brilliance, while tanzanite provides a rare and sophisticated option. Turquoise remains a classic choice, often featured in Southwestern-style jewelry. These gemstones are used in a variety of settings, including engagement rings, wedding bands, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. Choosing between these gemstones allows individuals to express their personal style and connect with the rich history and symbolism associated with each stone.
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient civilizations that revered turquoise and lapis lazuli to the modern appreciation of tanzanite’s unique beauty, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, metaphysical properties, or personal significance, December’s birthstones offer a diverse and meaningful selection for those born in the final month of the year.