August boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While spinel is a more recent addition to the list, gaining recognition in 2016, and sardonyx holds historical significance, peridot stands as the traditional and primary birthstone for August, steeped in a history stretching back millennia. This article will delve into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its geological origins, historical uses, gemological properties, symbolism, and care.
History and Lore
The story of peridot is interwoven with tales of ancient civilizations and mistaken identities. Its history can be traced back over 4,000 years, with early references often conflating it with other green gemstones, particularly emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, historically believed to be a source of topaz, was in fact a significant source of peridot. This led to the gem being known as “topaz” for centuries, a misnomer that persisted even into medieval times.
Ancient Egyptians revered peridot, calling it the “gem of the Sun.” They believed it possessed protective powers and adorned themselves with it in elaborate jewelry. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. The gem’s association with the sun likely stemmed from its vibrant green hue, reminiscent of lush vegetation and life-giving energy.
Throughout history, peridot was also valued for its perceived medicinal properties. It was believed to ward off nightmares, evil spirits, and enchantments, offering strength and protection to its wearer. In ancient Hawaii, peridot was known as “Pele’s Tears,” attributed to the goddess of fire and volcanoes, Pele, and believed to be brought to the surface by volcanic activity. The gem’s presence in meteorite fragments further adds to its mystique, linking it to the cosmos and otherworldly origins.
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months emerged in Poland and Germany during the medieval period, evolving over time with regional variations and the introduction of modern birthstone lists in the 20th century. Peridot’s enduring popularity secured its place as a prominent August birthstone, representing a connection to both ancient traditions and contemporary preferences.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate composed of iron and magnesium. Unlike many gemstones formed through complex geological processes over millions of years, peridot often originates from deep within the Earth’s mantle, brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is typically found in hardened lava, carried upwards from the mantle’s depths. This unique formation process contributes to its relatively common availability compared to some other gemstones.
Remarkably, peridot has also been discovered within meteorites, offering an extraterrestrial source for this captivating gem. These “Pele’s Tears” represent a truly unique and rare find, connecting peridot to the vastness of space.
While peridot can be found in various locations worldwide, some notable sources include: Egypt (historically significant), Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Vietnam, and the United States (Arizona). The quality and color intensity of peridot can vary depending on its origin, with certain locations producing stones known for their particularly vibrant hues.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s distinctive color is its most defining characteristic. It ranges from yellowish-green to olive, apple-green, and even dark green, with the intensity of the hue determined by the amount of iron present in its composition. Notably, peridot consistently exhibits a green color under various lighting conditions, unlike some other green gems whose color can shift.
Here’s a summary of peridot’s key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ |
| Color | Yellowish-green to Olive Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 - 3.48 |
| Refractive Index | 1.654 - 1.683 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, suitable for various jewelry applications. However, it is still susceptible to scratches and damage from harder materials, requiring careful handling and protection. Its specific gravity falls between 3.34 and 3.48, indicating a moderate density. The refractive index, ranging from 1.654 to 1.683, contributes to its brilliance and sparkle.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. As the “gem of the Sun,” it has been associated with light, warmth, and vitality. It is believed to symbolize abundance, prosperity, and good fortune.
Traditionally, peridot was thought to offer protection against negative energies, warding off nightmares, evil, and enchantments. It was considered a stone of strength, courage, and resilience, empowering its wearer to overcome challenges and embrace positivity.
In modern metaphysical practices, peridot is often used to promote emotional balance, reduce stress, and enhance self-esteem. It is believed to open the heart chakra, fostering compassion, forgiveness, and unconditional love. Some practitioners also associate peridot with attracting wealth and success.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning to maintain its brilliance and prevent damage. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials, so it should be stored separately from diamonds, rubies, and sapphires.
Cleaning peridot jewelry is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are typically sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone. After cleaning, rinse the jewelry thoroughly with clean water and dry it with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help preserve peridot’s vibrant color and sparkle for years to come.
Conclusion
Peridot, the traditional birthstone for August, is a gem with a rich history, captivating beauty, and enduring symbolism. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the Sun” to its modern-day association with prosperity and emotional well-being, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its unique geological formation, ranging from volcanic origins to extraterrestrial sources, adds to its mystique and allure. Whether admired for its vibrant green hue, its historical significance, or its perceived metaphysical properties, peridot remains a cherished gemstone for those born in August and beyond.