Pink tourmaline is recognized as the modern birthstone for October, offering a captivating range of hues and a rich history that extends back centuries. While opal traditionally represented October, pink tourmaline gained prominence as an alternative, and now, many accept tourmaline of any color as the birthstone for this month. This gemstone’s appeal lies not only in its beauty but also in the diverse range of colors it exhibits, sometimes even within a single crystal. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of pink tourmaline, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The name “tourmaline” originates from the Sinhalese word turamali, meaning “stone of mixed color.” This etymology reflects the gem’s remarkable ability to display a spectrum of colors, often within the same crystal. Historically, tourmaline was often mistaken for other gemstones due to this characteristic. For example, red tourmaline was once believed to be ruby, and green tourmaline was confused with emerald. It wasn’t until the development of modern gemological testing techniques that tourmaline was recognized as a distinct mineral species.
A particularly notable historical connection is the fondness for pink tourmaline displayed by the Chinese Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi in the late 19th century. She acquired nearly the entire production from a California mine and was even buried with a pillow of the gemstone, with the remainder of her collection crafted into intricate carvings.
The official recognition of pink tourmaline as an October birthstone occurred in 1912, when the American National Retail Jewelers Association (now Jewelers of America) standardized the birthstone list. Prior to this, opal was the sole birthstone for October. Pink tourmaline was introduced as a more durable and colorful alternative, gaining popularity in the United States and beyond. The American Gem Society and the National Retail Jewelers Council subsequently approved this addition.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tourmaline, particularly the elbaite variety which commonly displays pink hues, forms in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. These crystals exhibit remarkable beauty when exposed to light. Pink tourmaline is found in several locations worldwide, with significant deposits in Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, and various regions of West Africa. Historically, Sri Lanka and Burma were also sources, where tourmaline was often found alongside other gemstones like ruby, sapphire, peridot, and spinel, leading to early misidentification. The discovery of high-quality pink tourmaline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries contributed to its growing popularity.
Gemological Properties
Pink tourmaline measures 7-7.5 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating good durability suitable for everyday wear. However, it is susceptible to damage from excessive heat. The gemstone’s chemical composition includes a variety of elements, contributing to its diverse color range. Varieties with raspberry or purple tones are classified as rubellite.
Tourmaline’s defining characteristic is its pleochroism, meaning it exhibits different colors when viewed from different angles. This phenomenon, combined with its brilliance, makes it a highly desirable gemstone. The term “watermelon tourmaline” refers to crystals displaying green and pink hues, a particularly unique and sought-after variation.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7 - 7.5 |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Composition | Complex borosilicate (primarily elbaite) |
| Color | Various shades of pink, red, and purple |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The word tourmaline itself signifies “stone of mixed color,” reflecting its diverse nature. Pink tourmaline, in particular, is often associated with love and compassion, traditionally exchanged between couples to commemorate their eighth wedding anniversary.
Throughout history and in modern metaphysical practices, pink tourmaline is believed to possess healing properties. It is thought to relieve anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders, and to uplift a downcast heart, aiding in emotional trauma. Some recommend placing pink tourmaline on the heart during meditation to relieve anxiety, lighten a dark mood, or boost creative energy.
Pink gemstones, more broadly, are believed to balance the heart chakra, which is associated with love, compassion, and emotional balance. Different colors of tourmaline are also attributed with specific properties: black tourmaline is said to protect against negativity and increase self-confidence, while green tourmaline is believed to promote courage, strength, and stamina.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of pink tourmaline is relatively straightforward. Simple soap and water are sufficient for cleaning, helping to preserve its shine. However, it is crucial to avoid harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gemstone. Due to its sensitivity to heat, pink tourmaline should not be exposed to extreme temperatures. Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that this October birthstone remains vibrant for years to come.
Selecting Quality Pink Tourmaline Jewelry
When purchasing pink tourmaline jewelry, it is advisable to obtain it from reputable retailers, both brick-and-mortar stores and online platforms. Factors to consider include the gemstone type, its quality, and any treatments it may have undergone. The price range will vary depending on the specific characteristics of the stone, such as color saturation, clarity, and carat weight.
Conclusion
Pink tourmaline stands as a captivating and versatile gemstone, representing October with its beautiful hues and rich symbolism. From its historical connections to the Chinese Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi to its modern recognition as a birthstone, pink tourmaline has a fascinating story to tell. Its geological origins, gemological properties, and purported healing powers contribute to its enduring appeal. Whether chosen for its aesthetic beauty, its symbolic meaning, or its perceived metaphysical benefits, pink tourmaline remains a cherished gemstone for enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone.