December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While modern lists have expanded options, these five gems represent the traditional and contemporary associations with December, each possessing unique characteristics and a rich cultural heritage. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of these captivating gemstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back centuries, evolving over time. Initially, December was primarily linked to turquoise and zircon, their cool blue hues mirroring the winter season. Turquoise, revered for centuries across various cultures, was considered a talisman for protection and good fortune. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, was also associated with wisdom and royalty in ancient civilizations.
More recently, tanzanite has emerged as a popular December birthstone, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent discovery means it lacks the extensive lore of older stones, but its captivating color quickly established its place in the gemstone world. Topaz, also a December birthstone, is known for its calm, serene colors. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, has strong ties to Turkey, though significant deposits are also found in the United States, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. Lapis lazuli has been mined for millennia in Afghanistan, and remains a primary source, though it is also found in Russia and Chile.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, found in a variety of locations including Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia. Its formation occurs in igneous rocks, often as a byproduct of other mineral crystallization. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location worldwide: Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Topaz is found in Brazil, Russia, and various locations across the United States.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties.
Turquoise: While not detailed in the provided sources, turquoise is generally known for its opaque nature and varying shades of blue-green.
Lapis Lazuli: Similarly, the sources do not provide specific details on lapis lazuli’s properties, but it is generally known for its deep blue color, often flecked with gold pyrite.
Zircon: Celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, zircon’s properties are highlighted by its age and clarity.
Tanzanite: This gem is characterized by its unique blue to violet color, a result of heat treatment applied to brownish zoisite. It registers between 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. Tanzanite can be susceptible to cracking if exposed to sudden temperature changes and is best suited for settings in earrings or pendants due to its relative fragility. It can be attacked by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
Topaz: The sources mention blue topaz specifically, known for its serene colors.
The following table summarizes the limited hardness information available:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Other December Birthstones | Not specified in sources |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been considered a protective talisman, fostering good fortune and inner calm. Lapis lazuli, associated with wisdom and truth, was believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Tanzanite is linked to activating the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, believed to facilitate psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions. It is also associated with healing, protection, and self-transformation. Zircon, with its ancient origins, carries a sense of historical and geological significance. The sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with topaz.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care. Tanzanite, due to its sensitivity to heat and temperature changes, should be cleaned with warm, soapy water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended. The sources suggest protective settings for tanzanite jewelry, particularly for rings, to minimize wear and potential damage. While specific cleaning instructions for turquoise, lapis lazuli, zircon, and topaz are not provided in the sources, gentle cleaning with mild soap and water is generally recommended for most gemstones.
A Variety of Choices
December’s multiple birthstones offer a wide range of options for those seeking a meaningful gemstone. The choice between zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise allows individuals to select a gem that aligns with their personal style, beliefs, and preferences. The diversity of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings ensures that each December birthstone holds a unique and special significance.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – represent a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and cultural significance. From the ancient lore surrounding turquoise and lapis lazuli to the recent discovery of tanzanite, these gems offer a diverse palette of beauty and meaning for those born in the twelfth month of the year. Their unique properties and symbolic associations make them cherished possessions, connecting wearers to both the natural world and the enduring traditions of gemology.