December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but four distinct gemstones: blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these stones presents a captivating shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the distinction as the most traditional choice, admired for centuries, tanzanite is the most recent discovery, first unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. These gemstones are associated with powerful meanings such as wisdom, protection, and new beginnings, providing those born in December with a diverse selection to express their individuality.
A History of December’s Choices
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year has ancient roots, tracing back to the Breastplate of Aaron described in the Book of Exodus. This sacred artifact featured twelve different gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Over time, these stones evolved to symbolize the twelve months, establishing the enduring tradition of birthstones. The official list of birthstones, as recognized today, was formalized in 1912 by the American National Retail Jewelers Association, now known as Jewelers of America, and has been revised over the years to incorporate new discoveries and changing preferences. The inclusion of multiple stones for some months, like December, allows for a wider range of options, catering to different tastes and budgets.
Exploring the Four December Birthstones
Each of the four gemstones associated with December possesses unique characteristics and a compelling history.
Blue Topaz: A Popular Modern Choice
Blue topaz has emerged as a popular choice for December birthstones. Its appeal lies in its icy blue clarity and calming energy. The sources do not detail the geological formation of blue topaz, but it is a widely available and relatively affordable option.
Blue Zircon: A Historically Significant Gem
Zircon, often overlooked, is a stunning gemstone with a long and fascinating history. While it comes in a variety of colors – golden, red, and even clear – the blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone. Zircon’s brilliance can rival that of a diamond, yet it remains less well-known.
Tanzanite: A Recent and Exclusive Discovery
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, discovered in 1967 in the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Initially called “blue zoisite,” it was rebranded by Tiffany & Co. to emphasize its unique origin. Notably, Tanzania is the only place in the world where tanzanite is found, making it a remarkably exclusive gem. Tanzanite is celebrated for its mesmerizing blue-violet hues, often reminiscent of sapphire, and exudes an elegant and luxurious vibe.
Turquoise: The Traditional December Stone
Turquoise holds the longest history as a December birthstone, cherished by ancient cultures for centuries. It is a soft, opaque gemstone with a distinctive sky-blue to greenish-blue color, often marked with veins of matrix. Turquoise forms when rainwater interacts with copper ore deposits, specifically copper sulfides, in arid regions. It is found in weathered volcanic and sedimentary rock.
Gemological Properties and Characteristics
Each December birthstone exhibits distinct gemological properties. Turquoise, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, is relatively soft and porous, making it susceptible to scratching, discoloration from oils and pigments, and changes in color due to water loss. The sources do not provide detailed gemological data for blue topaz, blue zircon, or tanzanite, such as refractive index or chemical composition. However, the descriptions suggest that tanzanite possesses a clarity and brilliance comparable to sapphire.
The following table summarizes the limited available data:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Color | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 | Sky-blue to greenish-blue | Porous, opaque, susceptible to discoloration |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | Blue-violet | Exclusive to Tanzania, resembles sapphire |
| Blue Zircon | Not specified | Blue | Can rival diamond in brilliance |
| Blue Topaz | Not specified | Icy blue | Calming energy |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not extensively detail the metaphysical properties of each stone, they do suggest broader symbolic meanings. December birthstones, in general, are associated with wisdom, protection, and new beginnings. Turquoise, with its long history of use in ancient cultures, is believed to possess spiritual and healing qualities. Blue topaz is linked to calming energy, while tanzanite is often associated with transformation and intuition. The sources do not provide specific metaphysical beliefs related to blue zircon.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to preserve the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Given its porosity, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from oils, pigments, and prolonged exposure to sunlight. The sources do not provide specific care instructions for blue topaz, blue zircon, or tanzanite, but general gemstone care guidelines apply: regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water, and avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
The Significance of Choice
Choosing a December birthstone is a personal decision. The availability of four distinct options allows individuals to select a gem that resonates with their aesthetic preferences, personal beliefs, or desired symbolism. Whether one is drawn to the traditional charm of turquoise, the modern elegance of tanzanite, the historical allure of zircon, or the calming energy of blue topaz, each gemstone offers a unique and meaningful connection to the month of December.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, each gem offers a unique narrative and charm. Understanding the available choices and following appropriate care guidelines ensures that these treasured stones remain cherished pieces for years to come, providing a beautiful and personal way to celebrate birthdays, milestones, or simply the love of gemstones.