Those born on December 21st, and throughout the month of December, are uniquely blessed with a choice of four captivating birthstones: blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. However, for those born on December 21st, tanzanite stands out as the designated birthstone, a relatively recent discovery imbued with a rich symbolism of wisdom, peace, and inner strength. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and significance of tanzanite, offering a comprehensive overview for gemstone enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the allure of this December gem.
History and Lore
Tanzanite’s story is remarkably short compared to many other established gemstones. It was not until 1967 that tanzanite was discovered near the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania, hence its name. Initially known as “blue zoisite,” it was Louis Voorhees, a Tanzanian prospector, who recognized its potential. Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing the gem, renaming it “tanzanite” and launching a marketing campaign that emphasized its rarity and beauty.
Before its official naming, local Maasai tribesmen believed the stone brought good luck, particularly to mothers after childbirth. The gem’s violet-blue shimmer quickly gained recognition, and it became associated with transformation, communication, and spiritual growth. The gem’s relatively recent discovery means that extensive historical lore, as found with older gemstones, is limited. However, its association with Tanzania and the Maasai people adds a unique cultural dimension to its story. It is considered a stone that embodies new beginnings and a connection to the earth.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is a blue-violet variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide. Its unique color is attributed to trace amounts of vanadium within the crystal structure. The gem forms in metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure within the Earth’s crust. The geological conditions necessary for tanzanite formation are exceptionally rare, making it one of the most scarce gemstones on Earth.
Currently, tanzanite is found in only one commercially viable location: the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its value and exclusivity. The mining area is relatively small, only about eight square kilometers, and geologists believe the supply will eventually be depleted. This scarcity has led to concerns about the long-term availability of tanzanite, further enhancing its appeal to collectors and investors.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a range of remarkable gemological properties that contribute to its desirability.
- Color: The most sought-after tanzanite displays a vibrant violet-blue hue. However, the gem is pleochroic, meaning it can exhibit different colors when viewed from different angles. These colors can include blue, violet, and even burgundy or red.
- Hardness: With a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, tanzanite is relatively durable but requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.
- Clarity: Tanzanite typically exhibits good clarity, with few visible inclusions. However, inclusions can sometimes be present, affecting the gem’s brilliance and value.
- Cut: Tanzanite is typically cut to maximize its brilliance and color. Popular cuts include oval, pear, and cushion shapes. The pleochroism of tanzanite requires skilled cutting to ensure the most desirable color is displayed.
- Carat: Tanzanite is available in a wide range of carat weights, from small accent stones to larger, more impressive specimens. Larger, high-quality tanzanites are particularly rare and valuable.
- Chemical Formula: Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)
- Refractive Index: 1.619 – 1.688
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 - 7 |
| Chemical Formula | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Refractive Index | 1.619 – 1.688 |
| Pleochroism | Yes |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is often associated with transformation, communication, and spiritual awareness. Its calming blue-violet hues are believed to promote peace, tranquility, and inner strength. Some believe it can enhance psychic abilities and facilitate connection with higher realms.
The gem is also linked to the throat chakra, which governs communication and self-expression. It is thought to help individuals articulate their thoughts and feelings with clarity and confidence. For those born under the Sagittarius zodiac sign (November 22 – December 21), tanzanite is considered a particularly potent stone, resonating with their charismatic energy and adventurous spirit. It is believed to amplify their natural optimism and inspire them to pursue their goals with passion and determination.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials, so it should be stored separately from diamonds and other abrasive gemstones. Cleaning tanzanite is best done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gem. It is also advisable to have tanzanite jewelry professionally cleaned and inspected periodically to ensure its continued beauty and integrity. Exposure to prolonged sunlight should also be avoided, as it can cause the color to fade over time.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the captivating birthstone for those born on December 21st and throughout the month of December, is a gem of exceptional beauty, rarity, and significance. Its relatively recent discovery has not diminished its allure, but rather added to its mystique. From its unique geological origins in the Mererani Hills of Tanzania to its vibrant color and metaphysical properties, tanzanite continues to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. As a symbol of transformation, communication, and inner strength, tanzanite serves as a powerful reminder of the potential for growth and self-discovery. Its limited supply ensures its enduring value, making it a treasured possession for generations to come.