For those born on August 27th, the birthstone is peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive green hue and rich historical significance. This gem, often associated with renewal and good fortune, holds a unique place in the world of colored stones. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating August birthstone.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a history intertwined with misidentification and regal association. Throughout much of history, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, notably emeralds and topaz. Many “emeralds” adorning medieval European cathedral treasures were, upon closer examination, revealed to be peridots. This misidentification extended to Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection, which some historians now believe consisted largely of peridots.
The name "peridot" itself is derived from the Arabic word "faridat," meaning gem. However, the ancient Greeks referred to peridot as “topaz,” and the island of Topazios in the Red Sea – now known as Zabargad – was a significant source of this gem. Ironically, this island did not actually produce the topaz we know today, but rather the vibrant green peridot. Scholars like George Frederick Kuntz noted this historical ambiguity, observing that the “topaz” referenced in ancient texts was often, in fact, peridot.
Sardonyx and peridot are both considered traditional birthstones for August, with sardonyx being the oldest on record. The inclusion of spinel as a modern August birthstone in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association further expands the options for those born in this month. However, peridot remains the most commonly associated and recognized gem for August birthdays.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, with a chemical formula of (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄. Its formation occurs under extreme conditions, often found in volcanic rocks and within the Earth’s mantle. The gem is carried to the surface through volcanic activity, specifically within the hardened lava flows. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered in meteorites, originating from outer space.
Historically, the Red Sea island of Zabargad (formerly Topazios) was a primary source of peridot. Today, other notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), Egypt, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. Recent discoveries in the American Southwest have made peridot jewelry more accessible than ever before.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits a unique set of gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color – green – though the shade can vary from yellowish-green to olive green to brownish-green, depending on the iron content within the stone.
Here's a summary of its key properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Lime to olive green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5-7 |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Refractive Index | 1.654-1.690 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.27-3.37 |
Peridot typically displays a vitreous luster and can exhibit a distinctive velvety texture, known as “lilac,” caused by microscopic inclusions. These inclusions do not typically detract from the gem’s beauty and can sometimes enhance its appeal. Its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, though it requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. It is believed to bring good luck, peace, and success to those born in August. Traditionally, it is also the gemstone gifted to celebrate the 16th wedding anniversary, symbolizing the enduring nature of a committed relationship.
Peridot is often associated with strength and resilience, representing inner power and the ability to overcome challenges. Historically, it was worn as a talisman against evil spirits, offering protection and warding off negative energies. The gem’s volcanic origins contribute to its association with renewal and rebirth, making it a powerful stone for those seeking personal growth and transformation. Its vibrant green color is also linked to nature, vitality, and prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. It is susceptible to scratches from harder materials and can be damaged by harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
To clean peridot jewelry, it is recommended to use warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gemstone to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth. Avoid using abrasive cleaners, steam cleaners, or harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stone’s surface. It is also advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to potential impacts. Storing peridot pieces separately from harder gemstones will help prevent scratches.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant green birthstone for August 27th, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From its ancient misidentification as emerald and topaz to its modern association with good fortune and renewal, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique formation in volcanic rocks and even meteorites adds to its mystique, while its distinctive green hue and relatively accessible price point make it a popular choice for jewelry enthusiasts. Whether cherished as a birthstone, a wedding anniversary gift, or simply a beautiful adornment, peridot remains a timeless gem with a lasting legacy.