The July birthstone, most prominently the ruby, is a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and captivating beauty. Revered for its vibrant red hue, the ruby has long been associated with passion, protection, and prosperity. While ruby holds the primary position as the July birthstone, onyx also serves as an alternative, offering a contrasting yet equally compelling choice. This article delves into the multifaceted world of the ruby, exploring its historical significance, geological origins, gemological properties, and the lore surrounding this “king of precious stones.”
History and Lore
The history of the ruby stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating as far back as 200 B.C., when it was traded along the Silk Road. In ancient Sanskrit, rubies were known as the “king of precious stones,” a testament to their rarity and esteemed status. The name “ruby” itself originates from the Latin word ruber, meaning red, directly referencing the gem’s most striking characteristic.
Throughout history, the ruby has been attributed with a wide range of powers and meanings. Ancient Indians believed the ruby possessed the power to protect its wearer from misfortune and danger, and even to cure inflammatory diseases and soothe anger. Burmese warriors, confident in its protective qualities, carried rubies into battle, believing they rendered them invincible. Medieval Europeans associated the gem with health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love. The ruby is mentioned six times in the Bible, further cementing its historical and religious significance.
In ancient India, rubies were offered to the Hindu gods, with the belief that the giver would be reborn as a mighty king or emperor. During the Middle Ages, Chinese noblemen wore rubies to ensure their protection and strength. Rubies were traditionally given to celebrate the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring love and commitment.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral. Their characteristic red color is derived from trace amounts of the element chromium. The more chromium present, the more intense the red hue. The most highly prized color is a deep, vivid red with a hint of purple, often referred to as “pigeon’s blood” within the gem trade.
Historically, rubies were sourced from Asia, with early discoveries made in Thailand and Cambodia during the early 1900s. Myanmar (formerly Burma) was particularly renowned for its rubies, and remains a significant source. Vietnam has also yielded notable ruby deposits.
Gemological Properties
The ruby’s appeal extends beyond its color. It is renowned for its exceptional hardness, second only to diamond on the Mohs scale. This durability makes it an ideal gemstone for jewelry intended for everyday wear.
While specific data regarding refractive index or clarity grades are not provided in the available sources, the ruby’s inherent properties contribute to its value and desirability. The gem’s brilliance and fire, combined with its resistance to scratching, make it a highly sought-after gemstone.
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (Aluminum Oxide) |
| Color | Red (varying shades, best is "pigeon's blood") |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 (second only to diamond) |
| Luster | Adamantine |
| Origin | Various, including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The ruby is deeply embedded in symbolism, consistently representing passion, love, vitality, and courage. Its association with the life force – blood – has contributed to its long-held belief as a symbol of power and youthful energy.
For those born in July, the ruby is believed to reflect their vibrant and creative personalities. It is said to ignite a spark of brilliance and set individuals apart. The ruby is seen as a gem that matches the qualities of July-born individuals, embodying passion, vitality, courage, and love.
The Alternative July Birthstone: Onyx
While ruby reigns as the primary July birthstone, onyx offers a compelling alternative. Onyx is characterized by its deep, velvety black hue and smooth, glossy surface. It exudes sophistication and strength, and is often associated with protection and grounding.
Onyx is believed to capture the enigmatic spirit of July-born individuals, reflecting their powerful presence and determination. It is seen as a gem that encourages individuality and helps navigate life’s challenges with resilience.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, ruby is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Rubies can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gem’s surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for rubies, but caution should be exercised if the ruby has been fracture-filled.
Conclusion
The ruby, with its rich history, captivating color, and enduring symbolism, remains a highly prized and coveted gemstone. As the primary July birthstone, it embodies passion, protection, and prosperity. The alternative birthstone, onyx, offers a contrasting yet equally compelling choice, representing strength and individuality. Whether chosen for its historical significance, its gemological properties, or its personal resonance, the ruby continues to enchant and inspire, solidifying its position as the “king of precious stones.”