December is a month uniquely blessed with a wealth of birthstone options. Unlike months designated with a single gem, December boasts a spectrum of choices – Turquoise, Zircon, Tanzanite, Blue Topaz, Lapis Lazuli, Emerald, and Chalcedony – each carrying its own history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. This abundance allows individuals born in December to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. The tradition of multiple birthstones for December stems from historical practices and a desire to offer a variety of colors, price points, and meanings.
A History Intertwined with Tradition
The practice of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient roots, tracing back to the breastplate of Aaron, as described in biblical texts, and the foundation stones of the New Jerusalem. These associations evolved over time, with different cultures and eras contributing to the modern birthstone lists. Turquoise and Zircon have long been recognized as primary December birthstones, representing the cool, serene hues of winter. Turquoise, in particular, has been admired for centuries, while Zircon is celebrated as one of the oldest minerals on Earth.
More recently, Tanzanite joined the ranks of December birthstones, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its unique violet-blue color quickly established it as a prized gem. The inclusion of Topaz, Lapis Lazuli, Emerald, and Chalcedony further expands the options, reflecting a blend of historical and astrological influences. Some astrologists believe that individuals born on the cusp of zodiac signs may resonate with the birthstones of both signs, offering even greater choice.
Geological Origins and Sources
The origins of December’s birthstones are as diverse as the gems themselves. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in arid regions through a process of secondary enrichment of copper-bearing rocks. Historically, Persia (now Iran) was a significant source of high-quality turquoise, but today, the United States (particularly Arizona and Nevada), China, and Chile are also important producers.
Zircon, a zirconium silicate, is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is a widespread mineral, with significant deposits in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Australia. The gem’s durability and resistance to weathering contribute to its presence in ancient alluvial deposits.
Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, is exceptionally rare, found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its value and desirability. Blue Topaz is commonly found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia, forming within igneous rocks. Lapis Lazuli, a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, is sourced from Afghanistan, Russia, and Chile. Emerald, a green variety of beryl, is found in Colombia, Zambia, and Brazil, forming in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of silica, is found worldwide in volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The December birthstones exhibit a wide range of gemological properties, influencing their appearance, durability, and value.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Refractive Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | 5-6 | Blue, Blue-Green, Green | 1.61 - 1.62 |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 6.5-7.5 | Blue, Red, Golden, Clear | 1.81 - 2.02 |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | 6-7 | Blue, Violet, Purple | 1.62 - 1.69 |
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 | 8 | Blue | 1.61 - 1.63 |
| Lapis Lazuli | (Na,Ca)9Al6(SiO4)6(SO4,S,OH)2 | 5-6 | Deep Blue with Gold Flecks | 1.50 - 1.55 |
| Emerald | Be3Al2(SiO3)6 | 7.5-8 | Green | 1.57 - 1.60 |
| Chalcedony | SiO2 | 6.5-7 | Various | 1.53 - 1.58 |
Turquoise is relatively soft, requiring careful handling to avoid scratches. Zircon boasts a high refractive index, contributing to its brilliance and “fire.” Tanzanite is pleochroic, meaning it exhibits different colors when viewed from different angles. Blue Topaz is known for its clarity and vibrant color. Lapis Lazuli, while beautiful, is often opaque and may contain inclusions. Emerald’s value is significantly impacted by clarity, with flawless stones being exceptionally rare. Chalcedony is known for its translucence and variety of colors and patterns.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December’s birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, believed to bring good fortune and ward off negative energy. It was cherished by ancient cultures for its spiritual and healing qualities. Zircon is associated with wisdom, honor, and prosperity, and was believed to promote restful sleep.
Tanzanite is thought to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness, facilitating communication with higher realms. Blue Topaz is associated with calmness, serenity, and emotional balance. Lapis Lazuli was revered by ancient Egyptians as a symbol of royalty and divine power. Emerald symbolizes rebirth, love, and fertility, and was considered a sacred stone by many civilizations. Chalcedony is believed to promote emotional stability and nurture.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Turquoise is porous and can be damaged by harsh chemicals and prolonged exposure to sunlight. It should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Zircon, with its good hardness, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Tanzanite is relatively delicate and should be protected from scratches and sudden temperature changes. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Blue Topaz is durable and can be cleaned similarly to zircon. Lapis Lazuli should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth to avoid damaging its surface. Emerald requires careful handling due to its potential for inclusions and fractures. It should be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners. Chalcedony is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, Tanzanite, Blue Topaz, Lapis Lazuli, Emerald, and Chalcedony – represent a rich tapestry of history, geology, and symbolism. The abundance of choices allows individuals born in December to find a gem that truly reflects their personality and resonates with their inner self. These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible connections to the past, imbued with cultural significance and believed to possess unique metaphysical properties. When selecting a December birthstone, careful consideration of color, durability, and personal meaning will ensure a lasting and cherished treasure.