December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. This abundance offers December-born individuals a diverse selection of gems, each with its own history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. While turquoise and zircon have historically held prominence as the primary December birthstones, the inclusion of lapis lazuli, tanzanite, and topaz expands the options, reflecting a rich tapestry of cultural traditions and modern discoveries. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating gemstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices and biblical connections. The tradition of wearing birthstones wasn’t a fleeting fashion trend, but a practice deeply embedded in history. Ancient civilizations attributed protective powers and metaphysical properties to colored gems, believing they could influence health, fortune, and emotional well-being.
Historically, ruby was also associated with December, believed to sharpen the mind, improve concentration, and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase, the old Russian birthstone for December, was thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. Similarly, onyx held significance as the Tibetan birthstone, offering self-mastery and protective energy. Bloodstone, another traditional December gem, was valued for its ability to renew energy and instill courage.
Prior to 1952, lapis lazuli was a recognized December birthstone, revered by ancient royalty and artists as a stone of self-mastery and protection. In 1967, tanzanite was discovered in Tanzania, and in 2002, it was officially added to the list of December birthstones in the United States. Zircon replaced lapis lazuli as a recognized birthstone after 1952, becoming a popular choice for its brilliance and variety of colors. Turquoise, however, has maintained a consistent association with December for thousands of years, valued by ancient shamans as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often near copper mines, in arid regions. Lapis lazuli is found in metamorphic rocks, typically formed in contact zones where hot, silica-rich fluids interact with carbonate rocks. Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, indicating its resilience and widespread geological distribution. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a particularly rare and valuable gemstone. Topaz forms in igneous rocks and is found in various locations worldwide.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique beauty and value.
Turquoise: A hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, turquoise is known for its opaque nature and captivating blue-green hues. Lapis Lazuli: Composed primarily of lazurite, along with calcite, pyrite, and other minerals, lapis lazuli is characterized by its deep azure color and often contains flecks of gold pyrite. Zircon: A silicate of zirconium, zircon exhibits a high refractive index, contributing to its brilliance and fire. It occurs in a wide range of colors, including blue, golden, red, and clear. Tanzanite: A blue to violet variety of the mineral zoisite, tanzanite is pleochroic, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. Topaz: A silicate of aluminum and fluorine, topaz is known for its hardness and clarity. Blue topaz is a popular variety, often created through irradiation of colorless topaz.
Here's a comparative overview of the hardness of these gemstones on the Mohs scale:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Topaz | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, believed to ward off negative energy and bring good fortune. Lapis lazuli, associated with wisdom and royalty, was thought to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, and is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. Tanzanite, with its unique blue to violet color, is considered a soothing and protective stone, facilitating the sharing of spiritual information. Topaz, particularly blue topaz, is known for its calming and serene energy.
Ancient shamans valued turquoise as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck. In ancient civilizations, lapis lazuli was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment. Some believe that wearing these stones can align meridians, calm emotions, and connect individuals to spiritual sources. Chrysoprase was thought to mend broken hearts and remove inferiority complexes, while onyx offered self-mastery and protective energy. Bloodstone was believed to instill courage and renew vigor.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Given their varying hardness levels, different gemstones require specific cleaning methods. Turquoise and lapis lazuli, being relatively soft, should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the surface. Zircon, tanzanite, and topaz are more durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. However, it’s always best to avoid sudden temperature changes and harsh chemicals. Regular cleaning and mindful handling will ensure these gemstones remain beautiful for years to come. It is also recommended to bathe the gemstones in full moonlight regularly to energize them, or cleanse them by placing them on selenite or moving them through sage smoke.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – represent a rich blend of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From the ancient associations with royalty and protection to the modern appreciation for their unique beauty and metaphysical properties, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those born in the twelfth month of the year. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, cultural significance, or perceived energetic benefits, December’s birthstones are more than just beautiful gems; they are tangible connections to the past and symbols of personal identity. Their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots provide a distinct way to express individuality and celebrate the spirit of the season.