Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds the distinction as a primary birthstone for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Revered for millennia, this “gem of the sun” boasts a rich history, unique geological origins, and a captivating allure that continues to enchant jewelry lovers and gem enthusiasts alike. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its historical significance, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care.
History and Lore
Peridot’s story stretches back thousands of years, with evidence of its use dating to ancient Egypt. Mined on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, peridot was highly prized by Egyptian royalty, who referred to it as the “gem of the sun.” This moniker stemmed from the stone’s brilliant luster, which seemed to glow even in darkness. Sources indicate that the gem was not only valued for its beauty but also believed to possess magical powers.
Interestingly, historical accounts often conflated peridot with other green gemstones, particularly emerald and topaz. The island historically known as Topazios, now St. John’s Island in the Red Sea, was thought to be a source of topaz, but in reality, it primarily yielded peridot. This led to a long-standing misidentification, with peridot frequently being referred to as topaz in ancient texts. George Frederick Kuntz, in his 1913 publication, The Curious Lore of Precious Stones, notes this historical confusion, highlighting how “topaz” was often used interchangeably with chrysolite, an older name for peridot.
The gem’s presence extends beyond Egypt. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. Furthermore, the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems previously believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. This demonstrates the gem’s enduring appeal and its role in significant historical and religious contexts.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Its formation is intrinsically linked to volcanic activity and, remarkably, even extraterrestrial origins. Peridot forms deep within the Earth’s mantle, brought to the surface through volcanic eruptions in hardened lava. Uniquely, peridot has also been discovered in pallasite meteorites – stony-iron meteorites that originated from outer space. While meteorite-sourced peridot is often too small for jewelry use, its existence adds to the gem’s mystique.
Although historically sourced from Zabargad Island, peridot is now found in various locations worldwide. While the sources are not extensively detailed in the provided materials, the gems are brought to the surface by lava flows from the Earth’s upper mantle.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s defining characteristic is its color, ranging from yellowish-green to olive green. The intensity of the green hue is directly related to the amount of iron present in the stone’s composition. Notably, peridot consistently exhibits a green color, unlike some gemstones that display a wider spectrum of shades.
Often called the “evening emerald,” peridot possesses a unique ability to sparkle under both natural and artificial light. This brilliance distinguishes it from emerald, despite their similar coloration. Peridot is a semi-precious stone, and its color remains consistent regardless of the lighting conditions.
The provided sources do not detail specific gravity, refractive index, or other advanced gemological properties. However, they emphasize its consistent green color and its ability to exhibit sparkle.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Ancient Egyptians believed it held protective powers and associated it with the sun. In modern times, peridot is often associated with abundance, protection, and positivity. It is considered a stone that brings good luck and wards off negativity.
While the provided sources do not elaborate on extensive metaphysical beliefs, they highlight its historical association with protection and its modern symbolism of positivity. The gem’s connection to the sun reinforces its association with warmth, energy, and vitality.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot jewelry requires gentle care. The sources do not provide detailed cleaning instructions, but given its composition and hardness, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. A soft cloth and mild soapy water are generally sufficient for cleaning peridot jewelry. Avoiding extreme temperature changes and impacts is also recommended to prevent damage.
The Rise of Spinel and Sardonyx as August Birthstones
While peridot has long been recognized as the primary August birthstone, spinel and sardonyx have also been designated as official birthstones for this month. Spinel, historically mistaken for ruby and sapphire, gained recognition more recently as consumers sought alternatives to these more expensive gems. Sardonyx, with a history dating back over 4,000 years, represents strength, courage, and protection, and was the original August birthstone. The addition of spinel and the continued prominence of sardonyx offer August-born individuals a wider range of choices and symbolism.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green gem of August, boasts a rich history, unique geological origins, and enduring symbolism. From its ancient roots in Egypt to its modern-day appeal, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its association with sunshine, protection, and positivity makes it a cherished birthstone and a beautiful addition to any jewelry collection. The inclusion of spinel and sardonyx as fellow August birthstones further enriches the options available, offering a diverse range of colors, histories, and meanings for those born in this vibrant summer month.