Those born on October 17th, and throughout the month, are uniquely blessed with two captivating birthstones: the iridescent opal and the vibrant pink tourmaline. Both gems boast a rich history, fascinating geological origins, and symbolic meanings that have resonated across cultures for centuries. While opal holds the distinction as the traditional October birthstone, pink tourmaline gained recognition as a modern alternative in 1912, offering a wider spectrum of choice for those celebrating an October birthday. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, and symbolism of both these radiant gems.
History and Lore
The story of opal stretches back to antiquity. Its name is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word upala, meaning “precious stone,” which transitioned into the Roman opalus. Ancient Greeks cherished opal, associating it with hope and purity, while Romans considered it a symbol of faithfulness and believed it protected wearers from harm. Royalty throughout history valued opal, earning it the moniker “Queen of Gems.” It was a favored stone for talismans and crowns, believed to impart inner beauty and safeguard the wearer.
The historical narrative surrounding opal is not without its superstitions. Despite its esteemed status, a novel by Sir Walter Scott in 1829, Anne of Geierstein, linked opal with bad luck, sparking a period of diminished popularity in Europe. However, this association never fully eclipsed its enduring appeal.
Pink tourmaline, while not as anciently revered as opal, also possesses a compelling history. In the late 19th century, the Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi of China developed a profound fondness for pink tourmaline, acquiring nearly the entire output from California mines. Her devotion continued even in death, as she was buried with a pink tourmaline pillow, and the remainder of her collection was crafted into exquisite carvings.
Geological Formation and Sources
Opal’s formation remains a subject of scientific inquiry. While the exact process isn’t definitively known, the prevailing theory suggests that opals are created when water, saturated with silica, percolates through sandstone fissures. As this silica-rich water flows, it deposits silica, which, over time, transforms into opal through changes in acidity and evaporation. Alternative theories include the Syntectonic Model, proposing silica-rich groundwater pushed upwards, and the Microbe Model, positing a role for bacteria, enzymes, and acids in the formation process. The presence of microscopic fossils within some opals lends support to the latter theory.
Opal is not formed as a crystal, but rather as a “lump,” a unique characteristic of this mineraloid. The most significant source of opal today is Australia, which produces a wide variety of types, including white opal, crystal opal, fire opal, rough opal, and black opal.
Pink tourmaline, conversely, forms in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. It primarily consists of the mineral elbaite and occurs naturally with a diverse range of elements contributing to its color. While sources are not specifically detailed in the provided materials, the text notes that California once supplied a significant amount of pink tourmaline, particularly to Empress Tzu-Hsi.
Gemological Properties
Opal is a mineraloid, meaning it lacks a crystalline structure. Its defining characteristic is its “play-of-color,” a shifting display of rainbow hues caused by the diffraction of light within its microscopic structure. This phenomenon is what sets precious opal apart from common opal, which lacks this vibrant display.
Pink tourmaline, on the other hand, is a crystalline mineral. It exhibits a striking pink hue with variations throughout the color spectrum. Some crystals even display multiple colors, known as watermelon tourmaline, a highly sought-after variety. The provided materials do not specify the chemical composition, hardness, or refractive index of either gem.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both opal and pink tourmaline have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Opal has been associated with hope, purity, faithfulness, and protection. Ancient cultures believed it bestowed the gift of prophecy and could ward off disease. Bedouins believed opal held lightning and fell from the sky during thunderstorms.
Pink tourmaline is often linked to friendship, compassion, and balance. It is considered a stone that brings confidence and hope to the wearer. Some believe it promotes self-love and forgiveness. Opal is also associated with remembering past lives and improving eyesight, particularly for children.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for either opal or pink tourmaline. However, given opal’s relatively delicate nature and its potential for cracking or crazing, gentle handling and avoiding harsh chemicals are generally recommended. Pink tourmaline, being a harder stone, is likely more durable but still benefits from careful cleaning with mild soap and warm water.
Conclusion
Opal and pink tourmaline represent the captivating beauty and rich symbolism of October’s birthstones. Opal, with its mesmerizing play-of-color and ancient history, continues to enchant and inspire. Pink tourmaline, a more recent addition to the birthstone family, offers a vibrant and heartwarming alternative. Both gems hold unique appeal, making them cherished gifts and meaningful symbols for those born in the tenth month. Their enduring allure lies not only in their aesthetic qualities but also in the centuries of lore and belief that have become intertwined with their existence.