November is a unique month in the world of birthstones, possessing not one, but two designated gems: topaz and citrine. These stones, both celebrated for their warm hues and captivating beauty, offer a diverse range of options for those born in the eleventh month. While topaz holds a longer historical association with November, the inclusion of citrine reflects a more modern expansion of birthstone choices, intended to broaden the available options for jewelry and personal adornment. Both gems are believed to carry calming energies and bring fortune to the wearer.
History and Lore
The history of topaz stretches back centuries, with its name potentially originating from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning “fire,” a fitting descriptor for its often-golden tones. Alternatively, some trace its etymology to the Greek word “topazos,” derived from the island of Topazos (now Zabargad) in the Red Sea. Interestingly, the island was not a source of topaz itself, but rather peridot, which was frequently mistaken for topaz in ancient times.
Ancient Greeks believed topaz bestowed strength upon its wearer, while Europeans from the 1300s to the 1600s considered it a powerful ward against magic spells and a dispeller of anger. In India, a long-held tradition suggests wearing topaz above the heart ensures a long life, beauty, and intelligence. These beliefs highlight the gem’s enduring appeal and perceived mystical properties throughout history.
The inclusion of citrine as a November birthstone is a more recent development. Sources suggest the Jewelers of America expanded birthstone options to increase variety within the market, adding citrine alongside the traditional topaz. This expansion provides November-born individuals with a broader selection of gemstones to choose from.
Geological Formation and Sources
Topaz is found in a variety of geological settings, with significant mining locations including Brazil and northwestern Pakistan. Other countries contributing to the global topaz supply include Namibia, Nigeria, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and the United States.
Brazil is particularly noted as a major source of topaz, while the gem is also abundantly found in locales such as Namibia, Russia, and Pakistan. Topaz typically forms within volcanic rocks and pegmatites, often associated with fluorine-rich environments.
While the sources do not detail the geological formation of citrine, they do indicate that topaz occurs naturally in a wide range of colors, including colorless, light blue, yellow, orange, pink, violet, brown, and, very rarely, red. The majority of blue topaz available today is created through irradiation and heating of colorless topaz, while a rainbow effect seen in “Mystic Topaz” is achieved by applying a thin artificial coating. Naturally occurring yellow to golden-brown topaz is common, but often treated to achieve different shades.
Gemological Properties
Topaz exhibits a diverse spectrum of colors, making it a highly sought-after gemstone. The gem’s color range includes hues of blue, yellow, orange, pink, violet, red, and brown. Imperial Topaz, a prized variety, displays a yellow-orange coloration.
The sources do not provide specific details regarding the chemical composition, refractive index, or hardness of topaz or citrine. However, they do note that topaz is often treated to enhance or alter its color.
Topaz is associated with qualities like trust, loyalty, and love, and is considered a symbol of calmness and clarity. It is believed to bring good fortune and wisdom to its wearer.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, topaz has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Ancient cultures believed in its protective powers, attributing the ability to ward off evil and dispel negative energies. The association with fire, stemming from the possible origin of its name, suggests a connection to passion, energy, and vitality.
For Scorpios, born between October 23rd and November 21st, topaz is considered a particularly fitting birthstone, embodying their fearless yet empathetic nature. The gem is believed to enhance their inherent qualities and provide a sense of grounding.
Topaz was once thought to detect poisoned food and drinks, demonstrating a belief in its ability to safeguard health and well-being. These historical beliefs contribute to the gem’s enduring mystique and appeal.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for topaz or citrine. However, given topaz’s potential for treatment (irradiation, heating, coating), it is advisable to handle it with care and avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is generally recommended.
Conclusion
Topaz and citrine, the birthstones of November, represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. Topaz, with its ancient roots and diverse color palette, has long been revered for its perceived protective and empowering qualities. The addition of citrine as a November birthstone offers a modern complement, expanding the choices available to those born in this month. Both gems embody the fiery spirit of November, bringing warmth, fortune, and a touch of enchantment to the wearer.