Lapis lazuli, a captivating deep blue metamorphic rock, holds a prominent place in the world of gemstones. Revered for millennia, it serves as a birthstone for September, and is also recognized as an alternative birthstone for December and January. Beyond its association with specific months, lapis lazuli is deeply connected to the zodiac sign Libra and carries rich symbolism related to wisdom, truth, and spiritual enlightenment. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of this remarkable stone, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
Lapis lazuli boasts one of the longest histories of human appreciation, with evidence of its use dating back over 6,000 years. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Greeks, held the stone in high esteem, attributing to it both spiritual and healing properties. In ancient Egypt, judges wore amulets crafted from lapis lazuli, believing the stone to be a symbol of veracity. Egyptians also theorized that the sun god Re was composed of this stone. Its use extended beyond adornment; it was integral to creating significant works of art, most notably the iconic funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
The stone’s value was considerable. An 18th-century price list, using emeralds as a standard unit of measure, ranked lapis lazuli as being as expensive as fifteen emeralds, demonstrating its exceptional worth compared to other gemstones of the time. Early Christian traditions regarded lapis lazuli as the stone of the Virgin Mary, frequently incorporating it into episcopal rings and altars. References to what is believed to be lapis lazuli appear in biblical texts, sometimes described as “sapphirini,” though some scholars suggest this may be due to the limited knowledge of sapphires during those periods.
The name “lapis lazuli” itself is derived from two distinct linguistic roots: the Latin word “lapis,” meaning “stone,” and the Arabic word “azul,” signifying “blue.” Historically, the gem was also known by various other names, including lazurit, lazurite, zemech lazarilli, the azure gem, and the Armenian stone. It was previously called “Lajevard” after its discovery in the Lajevard area, a name literally meaning “heaven” or “sky,” further cementing its celestial associations. It has also been referred to as the “Stone of the Gods” and the “Stone of Heaven.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Lapis lazuli is not a single mineral but a metamorphic rock composed of several minerals, primarily lazurite, which imparts its characteristic deep blue color. Other key components include calcite, which introduces white streaks, pyrite, creating golden flecks, and potentially sodalite, mica, and diopside. To be classified as lapis lazuli, a rock must contain at least 25% blue lazurite.
The primary source of lapis lazuli for over 6,000 years has been the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan. Significant deposits have also been found in Russia, specifically west of Lake Baikal in Siberia, and in the Andes Mountains of Chile. More recently, large deposits have been discovered in the Canadian Arctic, as well as in the United States, specifically in California and Colorado. The name Lajevard itself originates from an area where the stone was first discovered.
Gemological Properties
Lapis lazuli is a bright blue metamorphic rock prized for its intense color. The stone’s color is primarily due to the presence of lazurite. The presence of pyrite inclusions creates golden speckles within the stone, while calcite can introduce white intrusions. The combination of these minerals contributes to the unique appearance of each lapis lazuli specimen.
While specific gemological data such as refractive index and hardness are not provided in the available sources, it is described as a semi-precious gemstone. The sources do not provide information on its chemical formula or crystal system.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, lapis lazuli has been imbued with profound symbolism. It is often associated with wisdom, truth, and inner vision. The stone is believed to promote clarity of thought, enhance communication, and foster inner peace. It is considered a stone that can attract friends, gain favors, and help individuals realize their hopes.
Ancient cultures believed lapis lazuli possessed magical properties and connected the physical world with the spiritual realm. It was thought to stimulate clarity, promote creativity, and even boost the immune system. Modern interpretations suggest it can protect against psychic attacks and release stress, encouraging self-awareness and self-expression. It is also linked to the Third Eye Chakra, believed to expand the mind and heighten awareness during meditation.
Lapis lazuli is the birthstone for those born in September and is also associated with the zodiac sign Libra, believed to boost confidence and style. It is a traditional gift for a 9th wedding anniversary.
Care and Cleaning
The available sources recommend cleaning lapis lazuli with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. It should be kept away from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures to preserve its color and integrity.
Conclusion
Lapis lazuli stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones throughout history. From its ancient origins in the mines of Afghanistan to its modern-day status as a September birthstone, this captivating blue stone continues to inspire and enchant. Its rich symbolism, associated with wisdom, truth, and spiritual enlightenment, combined with its striking appearance, ensures its continued appreciation for generations to come. Lapis lazuli remains a powerful symbol of royalty, power, spirit, and honor, a legacy earned over millennia of human fascination.